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JEE Main 2026 Preparation: Question Papers, Solutions, Mock Tests & Strategy Unacademy » JEE Study Material » Physics » Resolution of a Vector

Resolution of a Vector

Learn more about resolution of a vector which is used to describe the process of determining the magnitude of a vector.

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From the definition of vector we know that, any vector oriented at an angle to the horizontal (or the vertical) can be thought of as having two parts: the direction vector and the tangent vector (or components). In other words, any vector whose direction is in two dimensions can be thought of as consisting of two parts. For example, if a dog’s collar is pulled upward at an angle by a chain, a tension force is directed in two directions. This tension force has two components: an upward and a rightward component. The upward component is the primary component.

These two fundamental approaches for calculating the magnitudes of the constituents of a vector oriented in two dimensions are covered in this course. The first method is introduced in this unit. Resolution of Vector is the word used to describe determining the magnitude of a vector. This section will look at two different ways of resolution of vectors.

Resolution of a Vector Using the Parallelogram Method

Parallelogram vector resolution is a technique for discovering the components of a vector by using a precisely drawn and scaled vector diagram to find the vector’s constituents. The method is summarized as follows: drawing the vector to scale in the specified direction, drawing a parallelogram around the vector so that the vector is the parallelogram’s diagonal, and determining the magnitude of the components (the parallelogram’s sides) in the indicated direction using the scale. A parallelogram is a rectangle with vertical and horizontal sides that can be used to determine the components of an object when the components of the thing are directed along the usual x- and y-coordinate axes.

Trigonometric Method

In contrast to the usual method, the trigonometric approach to vector resolution requires the application of trigonometric functions to find the components of a vector. You can use trigonometric functions to determine how long the sides of a right triangle are compared to the measure of the angle between the sides of a right triangle. When an angle measure and the length of one side of a right triangle are known, trigonometric functions can compute the measurements of the other two sides.

Resolution of a Vector: In a Plane

To put it another way, all physical quantities are vector quantities —meaning they have both a magnitude and a direction attached to them. With the tip of the arrow depicting the head and the line representing the tail, vectors are shown as arrow-headed lines.

Suppose there are two paths, A(3-meter) and B(4-meter), with A and B denoting horizontal and vertical components. Displacement can be defined using the Pythagorean theorem.

This causes a 5-meter displacement.

Horizontal (and vertical) systems will now be discussed.

Horizontal Component Definition

The part of a force that moves in a straight line parallel to its horizontal axis is the horizontal component in the scientific community.

The following is an example of a scenario: It is possible to break down the kick’s force into two distinct components: a horizontal component that moves the football in a straight line parallel to the surface and a vertical component that drives the football at a right angle to that surface when you kick it.

Vertical Component Definition

To describe a vector’s vertical component, we mean the part or component perpendicular to a horizontal level plane.

Resolution of a Vector along with X and Y-Axis

Drawing the vector first is necessary to resolve it on an X-Y plane. Once you have done that, label and build the structures as per the steps told (Parallelogram or Trigonometry Method).

Resolution of a Vector

As a result of applying the Parallelogram law of vector addition to the entire graphic, it seems to be a parallelogram. “a” vector looks to be formed by adding the two vectors ax and ay, according to the parallelogram law of vector addition. This allows us to state that ax and ay are the resolved output of the “a” vector since the vector has been split down into its constituent parts once more. Here,

ax vector is the x-component, and ay vector is the y-component of the “a” vector.

Things to consider

According to the General Rule of Thumb, the subtended angle will always contact one of the components. Furthermore, the cos component of the given vector will be the component with which the given curve intersects or with which the given angle subtends the given angle. On the other hand, the other will be automatically designated as the sin component.

Summary

Resolution of Vector is the word used to describe determining the magnitude of a vector. This section will look at two different ways of resolution of vectors. Parallelogram vector resolution is a technique for discovering the components of a vector by using a precisely drawn and scaled vector diagram to find the vector’s constituents. The trigonometric approach to vector resolution requires the application of trigonometric functions to find the components of a vector. You can use trigonometric functions to determine how long the sides of a right triangle are compared to the measure of the angle between the sides of a right triangle.

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