Planck’s Quantum Theory

Earlier, scientists considered energy and matter to be unrelated and different from one another. However, many new phenomena and discoveries took place during the 19 to 20th centuries; during that time, Plank’s theory too came into existence by Max Plank, a German physicist. The article shares about the quantum theory of radiation given by Max Plank. It is also known as black body radiation, evidence for a particle theory of energy, electromagnetic radiation, and so on. So, let us begin by understanding the definition of Planck’s Theory or Planck’s Quantum Theory in the further content. 

Describe Planck’s Quantum Theory

Planck’s quantum theory elaborates on the absorption and emission of radiation. Here are some observations of Planck’s Theory – 

• Matter tends to absorb or radiate energy discreetly in quantities. The process is discontinuous and takes place in the form of bundles or small packets. 
• A quanta is defined as the smallest packet or bundle of energy. For example, when talking about light, a photon is defined as the quantum of light. 
• The quantum energy emitted or absorbed is directly proportional to the radiation’s frequency. 
• A matter or body can absorb or radiate energy in the multiples of the whole number of a quantum and is expressed as the. 
• Here, n is considered to be a positive number integer. The energy is radiated or absorbed in the form of hv, 2hv, 3hv, 4hv, and so on. Note that it does not take place as 1.5hv, 2.5hv. 

The Quantum Theory discovery

Max Plank is known as the father of quantum theory. As per data collected by Plank, E = hv. In this case, h is defined as Planck’s constant, which has the value of (6.62606957 x 10-34 J s), and v is defined as the value of frequency. E here is the energy value of the electromagnetic wave. Plank claimed that this equation comes as a part of a side effect of the emission and absorption process of radiation. He also added that the equation has no relation with the actual traits of the radiation. But, Albert Einstein re-exploded the hypothesis given by Planck’s Quantum Theory in 1905. Einstein grabbed the specific factors of the theory and used them to understand and establish the existence of the photoelectric effect. The photoelectric effect takes place at the time when light strikes on a surface of a particular material and results in the ejection of electrons. 

Planck’s Quantum Theory supporting evidence

A number of experiments were carried out to examine the credibility of Planck’s quantum theory. And all these experiments supported the claims of the theory by showing that the energy value found in the electron motion is quantized in the matter. Furthermore, a prism has the ability to segregate light as per its wavelengths. In case the light acts as a wave only, then in this scenario, the prism is expected to give out a continuous rainbow. This statement also verifies Planck’s quantum theory. Aside from this, the nitrogen gas emission spectrum backs up Planck’s quantum theory as well. 

Planck’s Quantum Theory Applications

Planck’s Quantum Theory refers to the basic quantum mechanics theory. Therefore, it tends to have applications across every field where quantum mechanics is in use. For example, quantum computing, electrical appliances, quantum cryptography, lasers, the medical field, and so on. 

Keynote: As per max Planck, the light energy is directly proportional to the frequency. Here, h is the Plank’s constant that relates the light energy to frequency. Later, Albert Einstein found out that light is actually created by the discrete units (quanta) of the energy known as photons. 

Conclusion

Planck’s quantum theory has been an important discovery in the world of science. Now scientists are able to understand the properties of radiation, light energy, etc. Here, with the article, we covered a detailed introduction of the concept of Planck’s quantum theory. We have also explored the meaning and what the theory stands for. Further, there are a few examples of evidence that prove its credibility.