Magnetic Moment Electron

The electron magnetic moment, or more properly the electron magnetic dipole moment, is the magnetic moment of an electron induced by its intrinsic spin and electric charge features in atomic physics. A magnetic dipole is a small magnet with microscopic to subatomic size that is analogous to an electric charge flow around a loop. Magnetic dipoles are electrons circulating around atomic nuclei, electrons spinning on their axes, and revolving positively charged atomic nuclei. The magnetic dipole moment, or strength of a magnetic dipole, can be regarded as a measure of a dipole’s capacity to align itself with a particular external magnetic field.

Magnetic Moment Electron

Magnetism and matter are two of the most important notions in physics, and they are both founded on a great deal of imagination. Magnetism is not solely concerned with the application of magnets, but also with the principles and concepts that underpin them. A magnet is an object that produces a magnetic field, which is the most noticeable attribute of a magnet because it is invisible.

The term “magnetic material” refers to a substance that has the ability to reject or attract other substances. These materials’ attraction or repulsion is determined by the arrangement of electrons, which is referred to as the magnetic moment of the material.

Magnetic Properties of Solids

A solid’s magnetic properties are determined by the magnetic properties of the ions or atoms that make up that solid. Additionally, the mobility of electrons in an atom can affect the magnetism and magnetization of a solid. As a result, every electron in an atom functions like a magnet, giving the entire solid its magnetic property.

The movement patterns of electrons in an atom affects its magnetic activity. They have two distinct types of movements:

The electrons of an atom rotate around the nucleus.

Electrons spin on their own axis as well, with + and – marks indicating spins on opposite sides.

The magnetic power of the atom and substance is provided by these two electron movements. These continuous motions create an electrical field around the electrons, much like a current loop, which gives it its magnetic feature. Solids are frequently categorised into five classes based on their magnetic characteristics:

Paramagnetic

In the presence of an external magnetic field, these compounds are only weakly magnetised. The magnetic field’s direction coincides with the direction of the magnetic field. When we remove the paramagnetic substance from the field, the electron alignment is disrupted, and the substance loses its magnetic property. As a result, paramagnetic materials do not appear to be permanent magnets.

The magnetic field magnetises at least one pair of mismatched electrons in its orbit shell, resulting in paramagnetism.

Diamagnetic

In diamagnetism, the substances are magnetised in an external magnetic field, just like in paramagnetism. Within the field, however, diamagnetic substances are repelled. They have because the magnetic property settled within them is in the opposite direction of the magnetic fields.

There are no valence electrons in diamagnetic compounds since all electrons in the final shell are coupled. This could explain why their atoms have a magnetic moment of virtually zero. Common salt, benzene, and other chemicals are examples. We use them as insulators since they are such poor conductors.

Ferromagnetic

When these solids are exposed to an external magnetic field, they become extremely magnetised. Apart from the extremely strong attraction forces, these solids will be permanently magnetised. This means that materials can keep their magnetic characteristics even when external magnetic fields are removed. It is a widely held belief that the ferromagnetic composition has distinct properties. They have ‘domains,’ which are unique collections of metal ions. Each domain can be compared to a little magnet. These domains set up and align themselves with the magnetic field in an electromagnetic environment. These domains are randomly structured in a very non-magnetized metal, cancelling off their magnetic properties.Cobalt, Nickel, and chromium compounds are examples of ferromagnetic solids, and they have a wide range of industrial and daily applications.

Antiferromagnetic

The domain structures of antiferromagnetic solids are eerily similar to those of ferromagnetic solids. The domains, on the other hand, are orientated in the opposite direction. This means that they lose their attraction to each other.

Ferrimagnetic

When magnetic moments are aligned in both directions (parallel and antiparallel), but in uneven numbers, these substances form. These are weak creatures who are drawn to magnetic fields. Furthermore, heating certain materials can cause them to lose their ferromagnetism completely. Iron ore and zinc and magnesium ferrites are examples.

magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron formula

the formula of a magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron is given as:

Here A is the area.

Conclusion

The electron magnetic moment, or more properly the electron magnetic dipole moment, is the magnetic moment of an electron induced by its intrinsic spin and electric charge features in atomic physics. A magnetic dipole is a small magnet with microscopic to subatomic size that is analogous to an electric charge flow around a loop. Electrons spin on their own axis as well, with + and – marks indicating spins on opposite sides. A solid’s magnetic properties are determined by the magnetic properties of the ions or atoms that make up that solid. The domain structures of antiferromagnetic solids are eerily similar to those of ferromagnetic solids.