Force and Momentum

The quantity of motion contained within a moving item is known as momentum. The external action of pulling or pushing something is known as force. A force causes a shift in momentum. When the velocity varies, the momentum changes, but when the acceleration changes, the force changes. Even if the velocity changes, the force remains constant as long as the acceleration remains constant.

The quantities of force and momentum are both vectors. A vector quantity is defined as a quantity that has both a magnitude and a direction. The direction of momentum is determined by the velocity. The direction of force is determined by the rate of acceleration.

Force

Force is defined as an external push or pull operating on an object that affects or tends to change the object’s condition of rest or uniform linear motion. An object can also be deformed by a force. In physics, we come across a variety of body movements. What causes an object’s movement? The response is a forceful one. What is it that is causing the moving thing to come to a halt? Force is the answer. As a result, force and motion are analogous to the two sides of a coin in general. Throwing and catching a ball, for example, demonstrate the link between force and movement.

When an object moves in a specific direction, force is related to the motion of translation. Energy, on the other hand, can change an object onto a certain axis in such circumstances. This is referred to as a force’s turning effect.

Force Formula

We can mathematically define the relationship between force and motion using Newton’s second law of motion:

 F=m×a

Here F is the force

m is the mass of the body and 

a is the acceleration of the body 

As a result, the product of mass and acceleration is defined as force.

Types of Force

Contact Force

The Contact Force is activated when two things come into contact with each other, as the name implies. In nature, there are many examples of the Contact Force, such as pulling a cart, a ball rolling on the ground stops due to friction, an aeroplane’s streamlined body to reduce air resistance, and so on.

Action-at-a-Distance Force

The Force of Action-at-a-Distance is applied without the objects coming into touch. The following are the several sorts of Action-at-a-Distance Forces:

Gravitational Force: Gravitational Force is a force that exists everywhere. It’s a form of attracting force that explains why items tend to fall to the ground. The attraction between any two mass objects is caused by the gravitational force. Objects thrown in the air that fall back to Earth are examples of the gravitational force, as is the functioning of our solar system as a result of the Sun’s gravitational effect on other planets, and so on.

Magnetic Force: The force of attraction or repulsion exerted by electrically charged particles due to their motion is known as a magnetic force. Motors, compasses, and other magnetic devices are examples of magnetic force.

Momentum

A particle’s momentum is defined as the product of its mass and velocity. There is a magnitude and a direction to momentum. As a result, it is classified as a vector quantity. The second law of motion, as stated by Newton, is that “the rate of change of momentum is equal to the force acting on the part.”

The above statement implies that if a particle is subjected to a constant force for a given amount of time, the product’s force and time give momentum. We can also state that a particle’s momentum is the amount of time it takes for a constant force to bring it to a stop. If either the mass or the velocity is zero, the momentum becomes zero. The formula is as follows:

P=m×v 

Here p is the momentum

m is the mass of the body 

And v is the velocity of the body

Force and Momentum: Difference

The force’s direction is determined by the acceleration whereas the momentum’s direction is determined by the velocity’s direction.

The quantity of force reduces as time passes. (assuming the momentum stays the same) whereas with the passage of time, momentum grows.

Even when a thing is in stable condition, force exists but in the case of momentum when an item is stable, its momentum is zero.

Contact or no contact between things can produce force but When a force is imbalanced and operates on the body, momentum is created.

Mass multiplied by acceleration equals force and in the case of momentum, mass multiplied by velocity equals momentum.

The unit of force is Newton whereas the unit of momentum is kg.m/s.

Conclusion

The quantity of motion contained within a moving item is known as momentum. The external action of pulling or pushing something is known as force. The quantities of force and momentum are both vectors. A vector quantity is defined as a quantity that has both a magnitude and a direction. When an object moves in a specific direction, force is related to the motion of translation. The Contact Force is activated when two things come into contact with each other, as the name implies. A particle’s momentum is defined as the product of its mass and velocity. The second law of motion, as stated by Newton, is that “the rate of change of momentum is equal to the force acting on the part”.