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Gas laws are the most fundamental laws of thermodynamics. They describe how the energy levels of atoms and molecules change with temperature, pressure, and chemical environment. They also describe how these change when a system is moving from one state to another. These laws are often used to predict the properties of a material when it is under certain conditions. Let us discuss a few gas laws in detail:
1 Boyle’s Law:
Boyle’s law is an important thermodynamic principle that describes the relationship between the pressure and temperature of a gas proportional to the increase in volume of the gas. The principle can be stated simply as follows: The pressure and temperature of an ideal gas are inversely proportional to each other. This means that as the pressure of a gas is increased, its temperature is decreased, and as the temperature of a gas is increased, its pressure is decreased. This statement is what constitutes Boyle’s law.
2 Charles’s Law:
The Charles law which is a gas law states that in ideal gas mixtures, the pressure is inversely proportional to the volume of a gas. The law is named after the chemist, Robert Charles (Charles) Lilienfeld, who first published it in 1847. Charle’s law is important in several fields of science, including astronomy, aviation, chemistry, and chemistry. In order to satisfy Charles law, the density of the gas must be constant.
3 Gay-Lussac’s Law:
Gay-Lussac came up with a new gas law in 1774 which stated that gases at the same temperature and pressure exerted the same pressure, regardless of their composition. He discovered this law during a laboratory experiment involving gases of different temperatures and pressures. He found that the pressure and temperature of the gas were not directly proportional to one another, which led him to conclude that the pressure and temperature of the gas were directly proportional to one another only if they were the same for all of the gases in the mixture. This idea is what constitutes the Gay-Lussac’s law.
4 Avagadro’s Law:
Avagadro’s law states that the number of molecules in a gas is proportional to the temperature, and inversely proportional to the volume. Avagadro’s law is used in various fields and industries, and in chemistry is known as the law of constant proportion as it relates to the mole.
What is Charles Law?
Charles Law, often known as the law of volumes, describes how a gas expands as the temperature rises. On the other hand, a reduction in temperature will result in a decrease in volume.
When comparing a material under two distinct situations, we may write the following from the previous statement:
Charles’s Law formula
V2/V1= T2/T1
OR
V1.T2=V2.T1
This Charles’s Law formula shows that when the gas’s absolute temperature rises, the volume of the gas rises in proportion.
To put it another way, Charle’s law is a variant of the ideal gas law. The law applies to ideal gases kept at constant pressure but has varying temperatures and volumes.
Charles Law’s Derivation
We know that, according to the Charles law, the volume of a certain amount of dry gas is precisely proportional to absolute temperature at constant pressure. The following is a representation of the statement.
V∝T
We can use the constant k to equal V and T because they are both directly changing.
V/T = constant = k
In this case, the value of k is determined by the gas’s pressure, volume, and unit of measurement.
V*T=k——-(1)
Consider V1 and T1 as the starting volume and temperature of an ideal gas, respectively.
Charles law equation (1) can therefore be written as
V1/T1=k——-(2)
After that, we’ll alter the gas’s temperature to T2. Alternatively, if the volume switches to V2, we will write.
V2/T2=k——–(3)
Equating the two equations above (equations 2 and 3) yields
V1/T1=V2/T2
OR
V1T2=V2T1
Charles Law Solved Problems
- A gas sample has a volume of 20.8L and a temperature of -67 degrees Celsius at the start. If the volume of the gas is 11.0L, what would the temperature be?
Solution:
According to the question,
V1= 20.8L
T1=-67 degree celsius=206K
T2=?
V2=11.0L
According to Charles’ law
V1/T1=V2/T2
20.8/206=11/T2
T2= 11*206/20.8
=108.94 K
If V1 is the 3.60L, T1=255K, T2=308.43K, then find the value of V2?
According to the question V2=?
As we are aware of Charles’ law
V1/T1=V2/T2
3.60/255=V2/308.43
V2= 4.35L
Conclusion:
Charles’s rule also governs the operation of the Pop-Up Turkey Timer (Thermometer). Let’s look at how! If you recall, Charle’s law says that gases expand when heated. The Pop-Up Turkey Timer works on the same concept. The turkey’s thermometer (or timer) is inserted inside. The gas inside the thermometer expands as the temperature rises, so it’s time to remove the turkey from the oven.
