Brief Notes on Properties of Polar Covalent Compounds

There are different compounds made out of different bonds. Covalent compounds are one of them. This covalent compound has one more type known as the polar covalent compound. This type of compound has some properties from both bonds.

As these compounds are covalent, these compounds have some properties of covalent compounds. Also, they have some properties from polar compounds as well.

Two different atoms with different electronegativity can form covalent compounds. In this case, both share the same number of electrons, but the atom with more electronegativity pulls the shared electrons more towards it.

Ideally, when two different atoms of the different molecules make a covalent bond, this type of compound is formed.

Polar Covalent Compounds

When two atoms of different molecules with different electronegativity create a covalent bond to fulfil their octet, the compound is known as the polar covalent compound. So this type of compound has the properties of both polar and covalent compound properties.

To be a polar covalent compound, it must fulfil the fact that both the molecules are non-metal. They can share an equal number of electrons to have a covalent property.

Properties of polar compounds

Due to having more electronegativity in one of the atoms of the compound, this type of compound has some properties of a polar compound. Somehow this type of compound is a bit unstable, as one of the atoms pulls the electrons more towards it.

Properties of covalent compounds

This type of compound has some properties of covalent compounds as well. As these compounds have a covalent bond, the atoms share equal electrons to follow the octet rule. That is why the stability of the compound is higher. With the help of a covalent bond, this type of compound is stable enough.

Fulfil of octet

This type of compound fulfils its octet with the help of sharing an equal quantity of electrons to be more stable and act like inert gases. Still, as a type of compound has a polar property, one of the atoms pulls the shared electrons more towards it.

Properties of covalent compounds

Polar covalent compounds have some unique properties. This compound has shown the properties of two different types of compounds. And as a result, this uniqueness has arrived. As the atoms share an equal number of electrons, it has a good strength of bonds, and for the polar one, due to different electronegativity, it might get a bit weak, but in reality, this type of compound has enough strength. Generally, polar covalent compounds can be found in a solid-state.

Along with this, this also has a higher melting point and boiling point also. These types of atoms are a good conductor of electricity, as these compounds have many ions with mobility. Also, polar covalent compounds are good solutes. These can easily get saluted in polar solvents, as in water. As the bonds can be a bit weak, this type of compound has a high reactivity state.

For example, we can talk about hydrobromic acid, a polar covalent compound. This has hydrogen (H+) and bromine (Br–). So, here bromine has more electronegativity than hydrogen. Though both share an equal number of electrons, being a polar covalent compound, bromine pulls the shared electron more towards it. So, for all these, hydrobromic acid is more reactive.

Substance Type of polar covalent bond

It is really necessary to have both the atoms of molecules be non-metal substances in polar covalent bonds. This is because only two non-metals can form a bond with covalency by sharing an equal quantity of electrons. 

To form this type of compound, it is necessary to have electronegativity to have the power to pull the shared electrons towards itself. So, the molecules must be nonmetallic.

Comparing polar and nonpolar covalent compounds, the non-polar compounds will be a bit more stable and have less reactivity than the polar covalent compounds due to a dipole-dipole attraction.

Conclusion

Polar covalent compounds have some of the properties of covalent and polar compounds. As both the particles share equal electrons to fill the valence orbit of electrons, these compounds have properties of covalent compounds. Also, as one of the atoms has more electronegativity and more power to pull the shared electrons, it has some properties of polar compounds.

As these compounds have a polar property, these bonds have some dipole-dipole attraction; that is why these types of compounds are stronger than they should be with two different bonds.