Biotechnology

Ans. The use of microorganisms and living organisms in molecular biology for advancement of applications in various fields. It is the interdisciplinary frontier between biology, medicine and plant sciences. It has been advanced to make beneficial merchandise.

Ans. Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer that carries genetic instructions in all living things. It forms a double helix. DNA code consists of adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine which are 4 forms of chemical constructing blocks. 

DNA controls the proteins a cell makes. Biotechnology is a precise way to alter genetic material and organisms. Old fashioned way included breeding organisms for what was wanted, in this new and advanced process every thing is possible as a beneficial merchandise.

Ans. Managing DNA to modify an organism’s capabilities in a selected way. It involves extracting DNA from the genome of an organism and combining it with the genome of another. It uses recombinant DNA (rDNA) to alter the genetic makeup of an organism. By controlling breeding and selecting offspring with desired traits genomes have been manipulated indirectly. It is alteration of DNA in an organism’s genome.

Ans. A circular DNA or plasmid is extracted from a bacteria or yeast cell, a part is cut by it with the use of molecular scissors. The genome is combined with the plasmid which gets genetically modified. Then this genetically modified plasmid is introduced to a new yeast cell or bacteria. The cell divides itself rapidly and produces a byproduct. The more cells divide, the more byproduct is produced. After fermentation the mixture is filtered and purified for further use.

Ans. The commercial and unlawful elimination of organic assets without legitimate sanction. It is a serious issue which will continue to erode the genetic resources of developing countries. There is a need for strengthening of this policy. Illegal access and legal access are the two types of biopiracy.