Animal Husbandry

Animal husbandry is the scientific management of animal livestock.It consists of numerous components including shelter, feeding, breeding and sickness control.  It consists of livestock, goat, sheep, hen, and fish farming.

Cattle farming

• It is carried out for 2 purposes – milk and draught labour for agricultural paintings including tiling, irrigation and carting
• Indian livestock belong to 2 specific species: Bos indicus (cows) and Bos bubalis (buffaloes)
• Milk-generating ladies are known as milch animals (dairy animals), at the same time as those used for farm labour are known as draught animals
• Milk manufacturing relies upon, to a few extend, at the period of the lactation period
• Exotic or overseas breeds (Jersey, Brown Swiss) are decided on for lengthy lactation intervals
• Local breeds (Red Sindhi, Sahiwal) display splendid resistance to illnesses
• They may be bred to get animals with each the preferred qualities
• Animal feed consists of: (a) roughage, which is basically fibre, and (b) concentrates, that are low in fibre and incorporate notably excessive ranges of proteins and different nutrients
• Cattle are afflicted by numerous illnesses. The sicknesses, except inflicting death, lessen milk manufacturing
• Infectious illnesses also are resulting from microorganisms and viruses. Vaccinations are given to livestock in opposition to many principal viral and bacterial illnesses.

Poultry farming

• It is undertaken to elevate home birds for egg manufacturing and hen meat
• The crossbreeding programmes among Indian (indigenous Aseel) and overseas (exceptional Leghorn) breeds for range development are targeted directly to increase new sorts having acceptable traits

• Number and first-rate of chicks
• Dwarf broiler discern for business chick manufacturing
• Summer version capacity/ tolerance to excessive temperature
• Low renovation requirements
• Reduction within the length of the egg-laying fowl with cap potential to utilize extra fibrous inexpensive diets formulated in the use of agricultural through-products.

Egg and broiler production

• Broiler chickens are fed with vitamin-wealthy supplementary feed for precise boom price and higher feed efficiency
• The ration (day by day meals requirement) for broilers is protein wealthy with good enough fat. The stage of nutrients A and K is saved excessively within the hen feeds
• Poultry birds are afflicted by numerous illnesses resulting from viruses, microorganisms, fungi, parasites, in addition to dietary deficiencies.

Fish production

• Fish is a reasonably-priced supply of animal protein for our meals
• Fish manufacturing consists of the finned proper fish in addition to shellfish including prawns and molluscs
• Fish can be acquired from marine assets in addition to inland assets
  
  There are approaches of acquiring fish:

• Natural assets: Also referred to as seize fishing
• Fish farming: Also referred to as traditional fishery.

Marine fisheries

• India’s marine fishery assets encompass 7500 km of shoreline and the deep seas past it
• Popular marine fish sorts encompass pomfret, mackerel, tuna, sardines, and Bombay duck
• Yields are improved by means of finding massive colleges of fish within the open sea, the usage of satellites and echo-sounders
• As marine fish shares get in addition depleted, the call for extra fish can simplest be met via means of such traditional fisheries, an exercise known as mariculture.

Inland fisheries

• Fresh water assets encompass canals, ponds, reservoirs and rivers
• Brackish water assets, in which seawater and sparkling water blend together, inclusive of estuaries and lagoons also are crucial fish reservoirs 
• The yield isn’t always excessive in those reservoirs. Most fish manufacturing from those assets is through aquaculture
• Fish tradition is now and again executed in mixture with a rice crop, in order that fish are grown within the water within the paddy field

• More in depth fish farming may be executed in composite fish tradition systems
• Both nearby and imported fish species are utilized in such systems
• Challenge: Many of the fish breed simplest in the course of monsoon

• A principal hassle in fish farming is the shortage of availability of accurate fine seed. To triumph over this hassle, hormonal stimulation approach is used to reproduce those fish in ponds.

Beekeeping

• Beekeeping is executed to get honey and wax

• Honey is broadly used and beekeeping for making honey has emerged as an agricultural enterprise 
• The beehives are a supply of wax that is utilized in numerous medicinal preparations

• Local sorts: Apis cerana indica, normally referred to as the Indian bee, A. dorsata, the rock bee and A. florae, the little bee
• Exotic Variety: An Italian bee range, A. mellifera, has been delivered into the growth yield of honey

• They live in a given beehive for lengthy intervals and breed very well

• For business honey manufacturing, bee farms or apiaries are established
• The cost or fine of honey relies upon the pasturage, or the plant life to be hard to the bees for nectar and pollen series
• In addition to the amount of pasturage, the type of plant life to be had will decide the flavour of the honey.

Conclusion

Many farmers in India rely on animal husbandry for a living. Animals, particularly bullocks, are a primary source of power for both farmers and dairies, in addition to giving milk, meat, eggs, wool, castings (dung), and skins. As a result, animal husbandry is vital to the rural economy.