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Alcohols are among the most frequent organic molecules found in the environment. In addition to being employed as sweeteners and scent ingredients, they are also valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and they are among the most widely produced organic chemicals in the industrial sector. The two most well-known alcohols are ethanol and methanol, which are both organic compounds (or methyl alcohol). Ethanol is utilized in a variety of products, including soaps, medications, and fuels, as well as to sanitize hospital devices. Furthermore, it is the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. Alcohol is also used to make the anesthetic ether, which is used to induce anesthesia. Methanol is used as a solvent, as a raw material in the production of formaldehyde and specialty resins, in special fuels, in antifreeze, and in the cleaning of metals, among other applications.
Depending on how closely the carbon of the alkyl group is bound to the hydroxyl group, alcohols can be divided into three categories: primary, secondary, and tertiary. At room temperature, the vast majority of alcohols are colorless liquids or solids. Alcohols with a low molecular weight are highly soluble in water; as the molecular weight of the alcohol increases, it becomes less soluble in water, and the boiling temperatures, vapor pressures, densities, and viscosities of the alcohol increase as a consequence.
Methanol
Chemical Feedstock
The primary application of methanol is as a chemical feedstock. Methanol is transformed to methanal (formaldehyde) in the industrial setting through catalytic oxidation. It is used in the production of plastics, paints, explosives, textiles, and cosmetics, among other things.
Solvent
Methanol is a solvent that is used in the production of inks, adhesives, resins, and dyes. In the pharmaceutical business, it is also employed as a solvent to remove impurities. It is utilized in antifreeze for automobile radiators as well as in screen wash applications.
Fuel
The use of methanol as a fuel for internal combustion engines is becoming increasingly popular. It is also used as a fuel additive to increase the combustion of gasoline.
Ethanol
Alcoholic Drinks
Ether (ethanol) is the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages such as wines and beers.
Fuel
When heated in the presence of air, ethanol, like all other alcohols, undergoes total combustion, much like other alcohols. When burned, it emits a clean, smokeless flame and can be used as a transportation fuel or in combination with gasoline.
Ethanol + air → carbon dioxide + water
2C2H5OH(l) + 6O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)
For example, in places like Brazil, where natural oil supplies are limited but sugar cane cultivation conditions are optimal, large-scale fermentation is utilized to make ethanol, which is then used as a fuel. Ethanol is a renewable fuel that is created by fermentation. This is due to the fact that sugar cane can be replaced or replanted after being harvested. Because the glucose required for the fermentation process is produced by the plants through the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, it is also a more environmentally benign source of fuel. As soon as the ethanol is burned, carbon dioxide is released back into the atmosphere. Long-term consequences of using sugar cane as a fuel in Brazil include the possibility of rainforests being removed to make room for the vast amount of land required for sugarcane growing in order to fulfill rising demand. This will have an influence on the local ecosystems, and sugarcane may not have the same carbon dioxide removal potential as the rainforests that are being replaced by it.
Solvent
Ethanol is utilized as a solvent in several applications. Also, it is employed in the dissolution of organic molecules that are not readily soluble in water. Parfums, cosmetics, paints, detergents, and printing inks are all made with it.
Ethanol has antiseptic characteristics, which means that it slows or stops the growth of microorganisms in the environment (germs). Because ethanol causes proteins in microorganisms to change their forms, they are unable to perform their activities effectively. Denaturation is the term used to describe the loss of a protein’s form, which occurs when the links that hold the protein together and allow it to maintain its specific shape are disrupted. As a result, ethanol is found in many hand sanitizers and hand wipes on the market.
Propanol
Solvent
Propanol is mostly employed as a solvent. It is commonly used as a solvent in printing inks because of its ability to dissolve the ink. It is also utilized in the manufacturing of cosmetics and the pharmaceutical business, to name a few applications. Propanol, like ethanol, has antibacterial qualities and is used in the manufacture of hand sanitisers and hand wipes, among other things.
Butanol
Chemical Feedstock
In the food and confectionery industries, butanol is utilized in the production of butyl ethanoate, an ester that is employed as a synthetic fruit flavoring in the food and beverage sector.
Solvent
Butanol is used as a solvent in a variety of products such as perfumes, cosmetics, paints, detergents, and inks.
Fuel
Butanol, a biofuel derived from the fermentation of sugars and carbohydrates (bio-butanol), is increasingly being used as a transportation fuel, particularly in the transportation sector.
Pros and cons of moderate alcohol use
Moderate alcohol use may provide a number of health benefits, including the following:
Take steps to lower your risk of developing and dying from heart disease.
Possibly lowering your chances of having an ischemic stroke (when the arteries to your brain become narrowed or blocked, causing severely reduced blood flow).
Possibly lowering your risk of developing diabetes.
Risks of heavy alcohol use
Even though moderate alcohol consumption may have some health benefits, excessive alcohol consumption — including binge drinking — has no such benefits. Excessive alcohol consumption can raise your risk of developing major health problems, such as:
Breast cancer, as well as malignancies of the mouth, throat, esophagus, and liver, are among the most common types of cancer.
Pancreatitis
Sudden death from cardiovascular disease
Damage to the heart muscle (alcoholic cardiomyopathy) that results in heart failure
Stroke
High blood pressure
Liver disease
Suicide
Accidental serious injury or death
An unborn child may suffer from brain damage and other issues.
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome
Conclusion
Alcohols are among the most frequent organic molecules found in the environment. In addition to being employed as sweeteners and scent ingredients, they are also valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and they are among the most widely produced organic chemicals in the industrial sector. They are very combustible, which makes them suitable for use as fuel. They are also used as solvents in a variety of products such as marker pens, medications, and cosmetics (such as deodorants and perfumes). Ethanol is a kind of alcohol that can be found in alcoholic beverages such as wine or beer. To make fuel out of ethanol, it is combined with gasoline.
