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Previously, scientists assumed that the properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic masses, and this assumption was proven incorrect. This assumption led Mendeleev to arrange 63 elements in two vertical columns called groups, and two horizontal rows called periods, in accordance with his calculations.
Due to the inability of this method to explain the positions of some elements, rare earth metals, and isotopes, it was rejected by the scientific community. A physicist by the name of Henry Moseley was able to correct these flaws and develop the new periodic table, which included the modern periodic law.
Moseley’s Periodic Law (Moseley’s Periodic Law):
A scientist named Henry Moseley investigated the frequencies of X-rays that were produced when particular metals were hit with high-speed electrons. His findings were published in the year 1913. According to his findings, the square root of the frequency was directly related to the atomic number of each metal atom in all circumstances. According to these investigations, the atomic number of an element is the most fundamental attribute of that element. When Moseley made the aforementioned observation, he cited the Modern Periodic Law, which asserts that:
The periodic functions of the atomic numbers of the elements determine the physical and chemical properties of the elements.
The Periodic Table of the Modern Era:
An arrangement of elements in groups and periods, in a tabular format, that draws attention to the regular trends in the properties of elements is referred to as the periodic table.
Characteristics of the Modern Periodic Table
In the modern periodic table, there are eighteen vertical columns known as groups that are sorted from left to right, and seven horizontal rows known as periods that are arranged from right to left.
The Periodic Table is divided into groups of elements called classifications.
The main group elements, also known as normal elements, are the elements from groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17. The transition elements are composed of the components from groups 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, and 12. The transition elements are composed of the elements from groups 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, and 12. Noble gases, often known as inert gases, are classified under Group 18. Their exterior shell has been completely filled with liquid. Because of their steady electrical configuration, they are often non-reactive to the other components in the system.
When discussing the periods of a modern periodic table, it is important to remember that the number of shells present in an atom defines the period number of the atom in question. The elements of period one will only have one shell, the elements of period two will only have two shells, and so on and so forth. Because it contains just two elements, the first period of the contemporary periodic table is the smallest period in the table. The short groups of the periods two and three are made up of eight elements apiece and are referred to as such. The long group comprises the elements from periods four and five, which have a total of eighteen elements. Among the rare earth elements are the elements belonging to the lanthanide series, which may be found in group number 3 of period 6 of today’s periodic table. We have radioactive elements (actinides) present in group 3 of period seven, which is a dangerous combination.
Features of Modern Periodic Table
There are eighteen vertical columns known as groups in the modern periodic table which are arranged from left to right and seven horizontal rows which are known as periods.
Group number | Group name | Property |
Group 1 or IA | Alkali metals | They combine with water to generate powerful alkalis. |
Group 2 or IIA | Alkaline earth metals | They also produce alkalis, but to a lesser extent than group 1 elements. |
Group 13 or IIIA | Boron family | Boron is the family’s first member. |
Group 14 or IVA | Carbon family | Carbon is the first element that possesses this feature. |
Group 15 or VA | Nitrogen family | This category includes nonmetals and metalloids. |
Group 16 or VIA | Oxygen family | Additionally, they are referred to as chalcogens. |
Group 17 or VIIA | Halogen family | Salts are formed by the elements in this group. |
Group 18 | Zero group | They are noble gases and are inert under normal conditions. |
Conclusion
From the following article we can conclude that Organised by atomic number in the periodic table. To learn more about the chemical properties, environmental impacts, or health implications of a specific element, simply click on its name in the table below. The 118 chemical elements are included in this list. For students and professors of chemistry: The atomic number distribution can be seen in the table to the right.
