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Matter is all that you can see, feel, or touch in your immediate environment. In this category are goods like the air we breathe and household items that we utilize on a daily basis.
Everyone and everything that exists in the form of matter can be weighed in order to determine how much matter is contained within them. That’s what they’re made of. In addition, we can estimate how much space they occupy by calculating the volume of each.
Matter and Its States
Matter normally exists in one of three states: solid , liquid , or gas . The state a given substance exhibits is also a physical property. Some chemicals exist as gasses at ambient temperature (oxygen and carbon dioxide), whereas others, like water and mercury metal, exist as liquids. Most metals exist as solids at normal temperature. All substances can exist in either of these three states. In addition to existing in one of the three states, matter can also experience a change of state. A change of state occurs when matter is transformed from one state to another state for example when a liquid is turned to a gas or a solid is converted to a liquid.
Liquid
Liquids have the following characteristics:
1.no defined shape (takes the shape of its container) (takes the shape of its container)
has definite volume
2.particles are free to move over each other, but are nonetheless attracted to each other
A familiar liquid is mercury metal. Mercury is a rare and exceptional occurrence. In fact, it is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature that we are aware of. Mercury also has the potential to stick to itself (surface tension), which is a characteristic shared by all liquids. Mercury has a rather high surface tension, which distinguishes it from other elements. Mercury is shown in its most prevalent liquid state in this photograph.
When mercury is kept at room temperature, it is a liquid.
Under ideal pressure conditions, we would observe that all particles in the liquid state would transition to the gas state when liquid mercury is heated to its boiling point of 357°C.
Gas
The following properties can be found in gasses:
1.There is no distinct shape (takes the shape of its container)
2.There is no specific volume.
3.particle motion is random, and there is little or no attraction between the particles.
4.collapsible to an extreme degree
Solid
Solids are distinguished by the qualities listed below:
1.a clearly defined shape (rigid)
2.a specific amount of space
3.Particles oscillate around fixed axes of rotation.
Under the right pressure conditions, if we were to chill liquid mercury to its freezing point of -39°C, we would find that all of the liquid particles would condense and become solid.
Bringing mercury’s temperature down to its freezing point can result in it solidifying, as demonstrated in the video. When mercury is exposed to room temperature circumstances, however, it does not remain in the solid state for long, and instead returns to its more commonly encountered liquid state.
Solid, Liquid,Gas Diagram
Plasma
Neither the volume nor the shape of plasma can be quantified in any way. Plasma is frequently observed in ionized gasses, however it is distinguished from a gas by the fact that it exhibits unique characteristics. Because the plasma contains free electrical charges (that are not bound to atoms or ions), it is electrically conductive. It is possible to create plasma by heating and ionizing a gas mixture. Plasma can be found in the form of stars, lightning, fluorescent lights, and neon signs, among other things.
Conclusion
It seems like every day, scientists are uncovering new states of matter! There are several more states of matter besides the four fundamental states of matter. These include superfluidity, Bose-Einstein condensate, fermionic condensate, Rydberg molecules, quantum Hall state, photonic matter, and dropleton.
