Chemical Reactivity of Ethanol with Halogen

The hydrogen atom on the hydroxyl group is easily substituted by other substituents due to its increased acidity. The reaction of simple alcohols with sodium (and sodium hydride) is a simple example, as seen in the first equation below. The isotopic exchange that occurs when an alcohol is mixed with deuterium oxide is another example of a substitution reaction (heavy water). Since it is impossible to entirely rule out the presence of such catalysts in most experimental systems, this acid-base exchange occurs swiftly under normal conditions.

Chemical Reactivity of Ethanol with Halogen

The alcohol is usually treated using a mixture of sodium or potassium bromide and strong sulfuric acid rather than hydrobromic acid. Hydrogen bromide is formed, which interacts with the alcohol. To remove the bromoalkane, the mixture is heated.

CH3CH2OH+HBr → CH3CH2Br+ H2O

The iodoalkane is distilled out after the alcohol is treated with a combination of sodium or potassium iodide and concentrated phosphoric(V) acid, H3PO4. When iodide and phosphoric(V) acid are combined, hydrogen iodide is formed, which interacts with the alcohol.

CH3CH2OH+HI → CH3CH2I+ H2O

Although concentrated sulfuric acid oxidises iodide ions to iodine and yields very little hydrogen iodide, phosphoric(V) acid is utilised instead. When bromide ions are used to make bromoalkanes, a similar process occurs to some extent, but not enough to interfere with the primary reaction. There’s no reason why you couldn’t use phosphoric(V) acid instead of sulfuric acid in the bromide situation.

Overview of Ethanol 

Ethanol (ethyl alcohol, CH3CH2OH ) is a chemical substance (alcohol) that contains a hydroxyl group (OH) attached to a carbon atom in its molecule. Fermentation of agricultural crops such as sugarcane, corn, and manioc, among others, produces ethanol.

Ethanol is utilised in vehicles as a high-octane fuel. Brazil has nearly 4 million cars that run on pure, hydrated ethanol, and all gasoline in the country is blended with anhydrous ethanol (20–26 percent ethanol), thanks to a government programme that has been in place since the 1970s to produce ethanol from sugarcane. A similar scheme is being implemented in the United States, and the number of ethanol-powered automobiles is growing.

Ethanol and Halogen

Ethanol: Ethanol is a renewable fuel manufactured from a variety of plant resources called “biomass.” To oxygenate the fuel and prevent pollutants, more than 98 percent of gasoline in the United States contains ethanol, often E10 (10 percent ethanol, 90 percent gasoline).

Ethanol can also be found in the form of E85 (or flex fuel), which can be used in vehicles that can run on any blend of gasoline and ethanol up to 83 percent. Another blend, E15, is permitted for use in light-duty cars manufactured after 2001.

Halogens: The simplest member of the chemical family, hydrogen (H), is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, flammable gaseous substance. The nucleus of a hydrogen atom is made up of a proton, which has one unit of positive electrical charge, and an electron, which has one unit of negative electrical charge. Under normal circumstances, hydrogen gas is a loose collection of hydrogen molecules, each consisting of a pair of atoms, a diatomic molecule, H2.

Conclusion

Any grouping of atoms and/or bonds with specific chemical reactions is referred to as a functional group. The C–C double bond and the C–C triple bond have already been seen as functional groups. They go through certain chemical reactions that are unique to them, such as the insertion of a halogen across the multiple bonds.

Several of the simplest functional groups is the existence of a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, or I; X is used to represent any halogen atom). Alkyl halides are organic compounds that contain a halogen atom. When the addition of halogens across double and triple bonds was presented in the section “Branched Hydrocarbons,” we saw some examples of alkyl halides; the results of these reactions were alkyl halides.