Benzoic Acid

Benzoic acid is a naturally occurring organic compound. Benzoic acid can be found in a wide range of products, from food to cosmetics, that we use on a daily basis. It’s used as a preservative in pickles, jams, lipsticks, face wash creams, and other cosmetics, among other things. It is also used as a precursor in the production of a variety of organic compounds.

Industrial Benzoic Acid Preparation Production of Benzoic Acid

The partial oxidation of toluene with oxygen is used to make commercial benzoic acid in industrial settings. Cobalt or manganese naphthenates are used as a catalyst in this process to speed up the reaction. This method of producing benzoic acid makes use of plentiful raw materials and yields a high product yield.

In water, benzotrichloride reacts with calcium hydroxide, which is used in industrial processes. The process is aided by the use of iron or iron salts as a catalyst. As a result of the action of hydrochloric acid, calcium benzoate is converted to benzoic acid (HCl). A significant number of chlorinated benzoic acid derivatives are present in this product.

In the Laboratory Synthesis

Benzoic acid is a common and inexpensive chemical compound. The purpose of the benzoic acid synthesis in the laboratory is to educate students. It’s a standard part of the planning process.

Benzoic acid is purified by recrystallization from water. This is the case due to its high solubility in hot water and low solubility in cold water. The yield of benzoic acid produced by this process is typically around 65 percent.

As a result of the hydrolysis process

The hydrolysis of benzonitrile and benzamide produces this compound. It decomposes into benzoic acid. It can also change into its conjugate base when exposed to acidic or basic conditions.

a product of the Grignard reagent

Bromobenzene is converted to benzoic acid by carboxylation of the intermediate phenylmagnesium bromide.

The oxidation of benzyl compounds occurs.

By reacting with air, all benzyl derivatives, as well as benzyl alcohol and benzyl chloride, were easily converted to benzoic acid.

Physical properties of benzoic acid include:

Benzoic acid is colourless and has a crystalline structure in its solid state.

Benzoic acid has a crystalline structure that can be seen.

Its crystal structure, like that of benzoic acid, is monoclinic.

The compound has a faintly pleasant odour due to the presence of the aromatic ring in benzoic acid.

The density of benzoic acid decreases to 1.075 grams per cubic centimetre in the presence of heat (130 degrees Celsius).

The following are the chemical properties of benzoic acid:

The solubility of benzoic acid in water has been determined to be 3.44 g/L at and 56.31 g/L at.

While benzoic acid is insoluble in water, it is soluble in benzene, carbon tetrachloride, acetone, and alcohol, among other solvents.

Benzoic acid dissociates into its constituent acids at a pH of 4.2.

The carboxyl group of benzoic acid, as well as the aromatic ring, can undergo reactions.

The melting point of this metal is 395 degrees Celsius.

The boiling point of benzoic acid is 523 degrees Celsius.

It has the same molar mass as benzoic acid, which is 122.12 grams per mol.

A chemical reaction involves benzoic acid.

The formation of salt is a natural occurrence.

In the acidic benzoic acid, there is a carboxyl group. As a result, it reacts with a base, such as sodium hydroxide, to form sodium benzoate, a salt. When sodium benzoate is treated with an acid such as hydrochloric acid, the reactant is formed (HCI). It’s a type of iron compound.

As a result of this process, esters are formed.

In the presence of sulfuric acid, benzoic acid reacts with any alcohol to produce a toxic gas. In this case, sulfuric acid acts as a dehydrating agent. When an acid and an alcohol react, the water molecule produced by the reaction of the two acids and the alcohol is removed, resulting in ethyl benzoate. It’s an esterification reaction, which means there’s alcohol involved.

As a result of this reaction, acid halides are formed.

The product of the reaction between benzoic acid and either thionyl chloride or phosphorus pentachloride is benzoyl chloride, which is an acyl or acid halide.

Because benzoyl chloride is a highly reactive compound, it forms benzamide when it reacts with an amine such as methylamine or ammonia.

Sulfonation

The benzene ring is sulfonated when benzoic acid reacts with sulfuric acid fumes, resulting in the formation of benzene oxide. The functional group replaces the H-atom in the meta position of the carboxylic acid group on the benzene ring in this reaction, resulting in meta-sulfobenzoic acid as the product.

Nitration

When a nitrating agent, such as sulfuric acid, is combined with a catalyst, the nitro group occupies the meta position in the benzene ring (rather than the ortho or para position) in relation to the carboxyl group.

Halogenation

The halogenation of benzoic acid is catalysed by ferric chloride, a catalyst. In the presence of a catalyst, chlorine reacts with benzoic acid to form meta chlorobenzoic acid.

Decarboxylation occurs in benzoic acid.

The process of removing carbon dioxide from a gas is known as decarboxylation. After sodium carbonate has been treated with the sodium salt of benzoic acid, soda is used to treat it (sodium benzoate). The formation of benzene is caused by lime (a mixture of NaOH and CaO).

The amount of benzoic anhydride in the environment is being reduced.

Acid hydrolysis occurs when benzoic anhydride is treated with sodium borohydride, followed by a reduction reaction. As a result, benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol are formed.

Controlling the Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol

Benzoic acid is treated with lithium aluminium hydride, resulting in the formation of benzyl alcohol. As a result of the conversion in a controlled oxidation reaction, benzaldehyde is formed.

Benzoic acid has a wide range of uses.

The following are some of benzoic acid’s most important applications:

It is common practice to use benzoic acid in the production of phenol.

CONCLUSION:

Thus we conclude that A chemical compound called benzoic acid is used in ointments to prevent or treat fungal skin infections.

It is used as a preservative in the food industry to keep food fresh.

Benzoic acid can be found in a wide range of cosmetics, including lipsticks and other lip products.

Benzoic acid is also a precursor to the chemical compound benzoyl chloride.

Benzoic acid is a chemical compound that can be found in a variety of products, including toothpaste, mouthwash, and face wash creams.

Benzoic acid is also used to make dyes and insect repellants, among other things.