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An ecosystem is a group of plants, animals, and other living beings that benefit from a certain place or habitat, such as air, food, water, and soil. It is similar to our human society in that each inhabitant of a city relies on its own resources and interacts with its surroundings.
Our planet is also regarded as a much larger ecosystem. When we add external variables, such as too much carbon dioxide or methane, we disrupt the ecosystem’s equilibrium, affecting those who live in it. As a result we can see, there is global warming, scarcity of water, species extinction, and many other problems exists. This has an influence on all living things on the earth, including ourselves.
Effects On the Ecosystem
Climate change has an impact on the living world, including people, by altering ecosystems, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. Ecosystems include all living things in a given area as well as non living things with which they interact, such as air, soil, water, and sunlight.
The variety of life, including the number of species, life forms, genetic types, habitats, and biomes, is referred to as biodiversity (which are characteristic groupings of plant and animal species found in a particular climate). Biodiversity and ecosystems provide a wide range of benefits on which people rely, such as fisheries, drinking water, fertile soils for crop cultivation, climate regulation, inspiration, and aesthetic and cultural values.
These advantages are referred to as “ecosystem services,” and some, such as food, are more easily quantifiable than others, such as climate regulation or cultural values. Changes in many of these services are frequently invisible to those who rely on them.
Mycoremediation
Mycoremediation is a biotechnique that uses fungi to remove toxic pollutants from the environment in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Mushrooms and macrofungi are among the most important mycormediations in nature. Pleurotus species (also known as oyster mushrooms) are the most popular and widely cultivated varieties worldwide, which may be due to their low production costs and higher yields. Pleurotus species have a high biosorption potential due to their extensive biomass, mycelial production, in addition to their nutritive and therapeutic properties. It has been reported that the genus accumulates high levels of heavy metals.
The current state-of-the-art review primarily summarises previous research on the various roles and mechanisms played by Pleurotus species in heavy metals mycoremediation
Excavation And Subsequent Transportation of Polluted Soils
Soil pollution has increased in recent decades and may endanger human and environmental health. Human activities are the primary causes of soil pollution, resulting in the accumulation of contaminants in soils that can reach alarming levels. Soil pollutants are a diverse group of contaminants (organic and inorganic chemicals) that can be derived from anthropogenic activities or occur naturally in soil. Monitoring soil quality can be difficult due to a lack of well-defined monitoring variables and indicators. On the other hand, as the world’s population grows, so does the pressure on soil quality and the need for long-term soil fertility sustainability.
As a result of the combination of all of the aforementioned issues, soil pollution has become a hot topic. This chapter provides an overview of soil contamination and demonstrates the primary causes and types of soil pollution, such as waste disposal, mining, agrochemicals, industry, and atmospheric deposition.
Extraction Of Pollutants Via Thermal Remediation
Because of their ability to meet cleanup standards quickly and consistently, thermal treatment technologies play an important role in the remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils and sediments. Sustained high temperatures, on the other hand, can be energy-intensive and can harm soil properties.
Despite thermal remediation’s broad applicability and prevalence, little work has been done to improve the environmental compatibility and sustainability of these technologies. We review several common thermal treatment technologies for hydrocarbon-contaminated soils, assess their potential environmental impacts, and propose frameworks for sustainable and low-impact deployment based on a holistic assessment of energy and water needs, ecosystem ecology, and soil science. There is no one-size-fits-all thermal treatment technology.
The best option is determined by the contamination scenario (including the type of hydrocarbons present) as well as site-specific factors such as soil properties, water availability, and the heat sensitivity of contaminated soils. The integration of treatment process engineering research with soil science, ecosystem ecology, and plant biology research is critical for closing critical knowledge gaps and improving the removal efficiency and sustainability of thermal technologies.
Conclusion
An ecosystem is a group of plants, animals, and other living beings that benefit from a certain place or habitat, such as air, food, water, and soil. Climate change has an impact on the living world, including people, by altering ecosystems, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. The variety of life, including the number of species, life forms, genetic types, habitats, and biomes, is referred to as biodiversity (which are characteristic groupings of plant and animal species found in a particular climate). The current state-of-the-art review primarily summarises previous research on the various roles and mechanisms played by Pleurotus species in heavy metals. Soil pollution has increased in recent decades and may endanger human and environmental health. Human activities are the primary causes of soil pollution, resulting in the accumulation of contaminants in soils that can reach alarming levels.
