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Ionization is the conversion of a neutral atom or molecule into electrically charged atoms through the gain or loss of a free electron. The process of ionization is triggered by a chemical reaction. When an atom or molecule loses or gets electrons, it is called ionization. An ion is formed when an electron is obtained or lost. An anion is formed when an atom or molecule receives an electron and becomes negatively charged. On the other side, an atom or molecule that loses a free electron becomes positively charged and is referred to as a cation.
Define degree of ionization:
The degree of ionization is the proportion of neutral particles in a gas or aqueous solution that are ionised into charged particles. The ratio of a solute’s ions to the total number of molecules of that solute in a solution are sometimes referred to as partially ionised, while fully ionised solutions have a very high degree of ionization. Fully-ionized refers to a very high degree of ionization,” we can also say.
Factors affecting the degree of ionization:
Factors influencing the degree of ionization include:
- Electrolyte nature: Weak electrolytes dissolve less than strong electrolytes, whereas strong electrolytes dissociate more.
- Solvent nature: The dielectric constant of a solvent determines its ionising power. The higher the dielectric constant, the stronger the solvent’s ionising power and the degree of ionization. For example, water has a high dielectric constant and is frequently employed as a solvent.
- The temperature has an effect on K value as Kw T.
- Dilution: The value rises as a result of dilution. The ionization increases as the dilution increases.
- Presence of other solutes: The presence of one substance in a solution can alter the dissociation of another.
Degree of ionization formula:
Weak acids and bases do not entirely ionise, and the ionised and unionised species are in balance. The percentage of a weak acid or base’s total amount that exists in the ionised form is known as the degree of ionization. The symbol represents it (alpha). The equilibrium constant can be used to calculate the degree of ionization of a weak acid or base.
Define degree of dissociation:
In chemistry, dissociation is described as a reversible process in which molecules or ionic Ionic compounds, like complexes or salts, break down or separate into smaller particles like atoms, ions, or radicals.
Factors affecting degree of dissociation:
– The following are some of the factors that influence the degree of dissociation.
(i) Under typical dilution, the value of α is nearly 1 for strong electrolytes and less than 1 for weak electrolytes.
(ii) The degree of dissociation is also affected by the nature of the solvent, whether it is polar or nonpolar.
(iii) The degree of dissociation is inversely proportional to the solution’s concentration and weight, but directly proportional to the solution’s dilution and the amount of solvent contained in the solution.
(iv) As the temperature of a solution rises, the degree of dissociation of an electrolyte increases.
Degree of dissociation formula:
The degree of dissociation is determined by dividing the amount of the dissociated material by the entire amount of the substance, where the total amount can be expressed in molecules or moles.
Difference between ionization and dissociation:
Ionization | Dissociation |
1) The process of ionization results in the formation of additional charged particles. 2) Polar covalent compounds or metals are used in ionization.
3) Ionization invariably results in the formation of charged particles. 4) ionization is an irreversible process.
5) Covalent bonds between atoms are formed during ionization. | 1) The separation of charged particles that already exist in a compound is known as dissociation.
2) Ionic compounds are involved in dissociation.
3) Dissociation results in the formation of either charged or electrically neutral particles.
4) Dissociation can be reversed.
5) Ionic connections in compounds are broken during dissociation. |
Conclusion:
A measure of an acid’s strength is its degree of dissociation (also known as degree of ionization). The number of ionised molecules divided by the number of molecules dissolved in water is the ratio. It can be expressed as a percentage or as a decimal value. At a given molar concentration, strong acids have ionization degrees greater than 30%, weak acids have ionization degrees less than 30%, and the rest are moderate acids.
