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Chemical equilibrium is the state of a system in which the concentrations of the reactant and products do not change over time and the system does not exhibit any further changes in its properties.
In a physical process, equilibrium is important. When there is merely a change in physical state during a reaction, this is referred to as a physical process.
A physical equilibrium is achieved when an equilibrium is achieved in a physical process, which is referred to as physical equilibrium. When we look at some physical processes, we can have a better understanding of the properties of an equilibrium system.
The most well-known examples are those involving phase transformation processes.
Solid→Liquid
Liquid→Gas
Solid→Gas
Solid→Liquid Equilibrium
Conversion of ice into water is an important example of solid- liquid equilibrium
H2O(s)⇌H2O(l)
Solid⇌Liquid
A state of equilibrium is reached when neither the mass of ice nor the mass of water changes with time, and the temperature remains constant as a function both of the rate of transfer of molecules from ice to water and the rate of reverse transfer from water into ice.
At atmospheric pressure and 273 degrees Celsius, they are equivalent. The equilibrium is not a static state of affairs. Collisions between molecules of liquid water and the ice cause the latter to stick to the former, and some molecules of ice escape into the liquid phase.
Importance of chemical equilibrium
The condition of chemical equilibrium is determined by the following factors:
temperature, pressure, concentration of reactants and products, and the presence of other substances.
All of the factors listed above are constant while the system is at equilibrium.
It is also possible that any change in any of the components listed above will have an impact on equilibrium.
It is as a result that the pace of forward or backward reaction accelerates in both directions.
Because equilibrium is reversible in nature, a new equilibrium state is achieved by altering the direction of the equilibrium.
When equilibrium shifts from one condition to another, it appears as though the world is spinning. In addition, it demonstrates the dynamic character of balance.
Example:
The equation H2(g)+I2(g)=2HI (g)
When radioactive isotopes of iodine are added to the aforementioned equilibrium, there is no change in the relative amounts of hydrogen, iodine, and hydrogen iodide in the solution.
The Influence of Various Factors on Chemical Equilibrium
It is said that they are in a condition of equilibrium when the concentrations of reactants and products do not fluctuate over time.
Observable qualities like pressure, density, and other characteristics that are stable over time can be utilised to determine this state.
Physical equilibrium refers to the state of being established in physical processes.
Chemistry’s definition of chemical equilibrium is the state of being in equilibrium with a chemical process.
Each of the system’s three variables, temperature, pressure, and concentration, has an effect on its state of equilibrium.
A change in any of these factors causes a disruption in the system’s equilibrium. As a result, the system must readjust itself until it is back in equilibrium again.
The following sections go through some of the most important aspects that have an impact on equilibria, such as:
Conclusion
When it comes to chemical equilibrium definition, it refers to the state of a system in which the concentrations of the reactant and products do not change with regard to time and the system does not exhibit any additional changes in attributes.
Chemical equilibrium is stated to have been attained by the system when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, as seen in the graph.
When there is no additional change in the concentrations of the reactants and products as a result of the equal rates of the forward and reverse reactions, the system is said to be in a dynamic state of equilibrium at the moment in time in question.
