Granulocytes

Granulocytes play a key role in the immune system, helping to defend the body against infections.

The presence of massive cytoplasmic granules (which are stained by basic dyes) and the presence of a nucleus distinguishes their morphology from other organisms (bi-lobed). 

Normally, granulocytes play an important role in both the innate and adaptive immune responses that the body mounts in response to illnesses produced by microorganisms. 

Granulocytes, as part of the immune response, travel to the infection site and release a large quantity of diverse effector molecules, including cytokines, histamine, chemokines, enzymes, and other growth factors, as well as a variety of other growth factors. 

As a result, these structures are critical components of the inflammatory response and have a role in the genesis of allergic reactions.

Several of these cells are present, and their diameter is close to 12-16 micrometres, making them significantly larger than erythrocytes (Red blood cells). 

They are essential because they function as mediators of the inflammatory response.

Location

Granulocytes are created in the bone marrow via the process of granulopoiesis, which involves the division of stem cells. 

Granulopoiesis is the process by which these cells are differentiated from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells and become granulocytes. 

Cells such as promyelocytes and myeloblasts are examples of differentiated cells.

Granulocytes are classified into three types:

• Neutrophils are granulocytes that make up around 60% of the total number of granulocytes and are located primarily in the blood

• Eosinophils are granulocytes that are kidney-shaped and are engaged in the destruction of many parasites in the body

• Basophils: These are the smallest of the immune cells and can be detected in the bone marrow or bloodstream in small amounts. They help to keep the body free of any infections that may arise

Among the agranulocytes, there are three distinct types:

• Immune lymphocytes are one of the most significant types of white blood cells, accounting for around a quarter of all white blood cells. They help to maintain the integrity of the human body and protect it from potentially fatal illnesses

• Monocytes are amoeboid-shaped cells that are found in vast numbers and have a rounded shape

• Macrophages: These are cells that aid in the digestion of cellular waste and pathogens in the body. They have uninuclear nuclei and smaller lobes

Conclusion

Granulocytes are predominantly defensive in nature, protecting the body from invading microorganisms. 

In this case, the cellular makeup of these cells renders them suitable for their function.

They are recruited from the bone marrow whenever they are directed to do so, and they repopulate from the progenitor cells once an infection has taken hold of them. 

Despite the fact that these formations are incredibly mobile, they have the ability to infiltrate and colonise every tissue of the entity.

In addition, they have positive chemotaxis, which is a type of sensitivity that is crucial in the elimination of bacteria.

These secretory cells are highly phagocytic cells that contain microbicidal systems as well as a variety of digestive enzymes in different concentrations. 

Granulocytes are most likely to blame for the exacerbation of inflammatory processes in the body.