Disorder of circulatory system- Hypertension

Introduction 

“Respiratory illnesses or diseases are diseases of the lungs and human airways that interfere with the ability of a person to breathe.”

A disorder is described as a state in which the body’s functions are disrupted or abnormal. When it comes to studying the various types of infections, allergies, and other diseases that can affect the different organs, tissues, and specialised cells of the human respiratory system (also known as the respiratory system disorders or respiratory diseases in medical terminology), the term “respiratory system disorders” is used.

Among the major components of the respiratory system are the upper respiratory tract, alveoli, bronchi, bronchioles, the trachea, pleura, and pleural cavity. The common cold is an example of a moderate respiratory condition, and other significant and life-threatening respiratory disorders include pneumonia, lung cancer, asthma, influenza, tuberculosis, and other diseases that affect the lungs and the respiratory system.

 Respiration System Diseases 

When it comes to respiratory system problems, there are numerous aspects to consider. A few of these elements are as follows:

• Genetics 
• Allergies
• Smoking
• Air Pollution
• Bacterial and viral infections.

There are three basic types of respiratory diseases: asthma, bronchitis, and pneumonia.

1. Airway Disease 

It affects the bronchial tubes, which are responsible for moving oxygen and other gases into and out of the lungs and other organs. Airway disease is characterised by a reduction in the passage of air, which is associated with either constriction or obstruction of the bronchial tubes.

2. Lung Tissue Inflammation

The pleura is a thin layer of tissue that covers the surface of the human lungs. The structure of the lung tissues is altered as a result of certain viral or bacterial infections, resulting in scarring or inflammation of the tissue that allows the lungs to expand normally and, as a result, makes breathing difficult.

3. Lung Circulation Disease  

When the blood vessels in the lungs become coagulated, enlarged, or damaged, this condition is known as pulmonary embolism. This affects the ability of the lungs to receive oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide, among other things. In severe situations, this illness might impair the proper functioning of the heart muscle.

Respiratory Disorders Have a Variety of Causes

Respiratory ailments are caused by a variety of factors such as pollution exposure, smoking, passive inhalation of tobacco smoke, asbestos exposure, radon exposure, and other factors.

Diseases of the Respiratory System

The following are the most common respiratory diseases or disorders:

1. Asthma

Asthma is a chronic lung illness that affects the bronchi and bronchioles of the lungs, causing them to constrict. It causes difficulties breathing, which is followed by intense coughing, restlessness, coughing, and the production of a wheezing sound when you breathe.

Asthma can be brought on by any of the following factors:

• Cold air 
• Airborne allergens 
• Respiratory infections 
• Physical activity 
• Air pollutants

 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

This encompasses any respiratory disorders that cause shortness of breath or difficulty exhaling completely. It primarily affects persons who have been exposed to cigarette smoke or other forms of smoke. Even if you stop smoking, it is a very deadly disease that only gets worse with time. 

Emphysema

Emphysema is defined as a chronic condition characterised by a reduction in the respiratory surface area as a result of damage to the alveolar walls of the lungs. It is primarily brought on by cigarette smoking. The most common symptoms of emphysema are shortness of breath and coughing up blood. Emphysema may result in a reduction in the flexibility of the lungs.

The following variables may contribute to the development of emphysema:

• Dust 
• Chemicals 
• Air pollution 
• Smoking tobacco 
• Exposure to passive cigarette smoking

Occupational Respiratory Disorders

Occupational respiratory disorders are defined as any condition that affects the respiratory system as a result of inhaling chemicals, proteins, or dust over an extended period. Examples include asbestosis, which is a disease induced by the inhalation of asbestos dust.

When the following compounds are inhaled during work, they can cause occupational respiratory disorders: 

• Metals emit noxious fumes.
• The smoke is produced by the combustion of organic compounds.
• Varnish, paint, acids, and insecticides are sprayed over the surface.
• Cotton, silica, coal, medicine powders, and insecticides all contribute to the formation of dust.
• Gases emitted by industrial processes. For example, ammonia, chlorine, and nitrogen oxides are all pollutants.

Sinusitis

This condition is characterised by an inflammation of the mucous membranes in the nasal sinuses. The mucous membranes secrete mucus, which drains into the nasal cavities and causes congestion. Inflammation of the mucous membranes is caused by bacterial or viral illnesses, as well as by certain airborne allergens such as pollen.

Lung Cancer is a type of cancer that affects the lungs.

Lung cancer can develop in any area of the lungs, including the chest cavity. It manifests itself in the main portion of the lungs. The kind, location, and extent of lung cancer influence the therapy options available.

CONCLUSION

So to conclude, Lung disease is a general phrase that refers to a variety of conditions that affect the lungs, including asthma, COPD, infections such as influenza, pneumonia, tuberculosis, lung cancer, and a variety of other breathing difficulties. Respiratory failure can occur as a result of several lung disorders.