Colonoscopy

In order to do a colonoscopy, the doctor must first insert a colonoscopy, which is a long, flexible, tubular instrument with a diameter of about 1/2-inch that transmits a picture to a doctor, allowing him or her to check the lining of the colon for signs of disease. The colonoscope is introduced via the rectum and advanced to the other end of the large intestine to examine the colonic contents.

Animation of Colonoscopy

The scope is flexible, allowing the doctor to manoeuvre it over the curves of your colon with greater ease and efficiency. In order to aid in the movement of the scope, you may be required to shift positions from time to time. Air is blown into your colon by the scope as well, which causes it to expand and allows the doctor to see more clearly.

During the process, you may experience moderate cramps. Taking many slow, deep breaths throughout the operation will help to alleviate the cramps. When the doctor is completed, the colonoscope is slowly withdrawn while the lining of your bowel is carefully examined with a magnifying lens.

Small amounts of tissue can be removed for analysis during a colonoscopy if the doctor suspects something is wrong. Abnormal growths, known as polyps, can be identified and removed during the colonoscopy if the doctor detects something abnormal. The use of a colonoscopy can often provide an accurate diagnosis and therapy without the necessity for a major surgical procedure.

Steps to be followed 

Before having a colonoscopy, inform your doctor of any particular medical issues you may be experiencing, such as any of the following:

1. Lung problems during pregnancy
2. Diseases of the heart
3. Any medication-related allergies
4. The colonoscopy procedure may necessitate the change of your medications if you have diabetes or are using medications that may alter blood coagulation.
5. Never stop taking any medicine without first discussing with your doctor or other healthcare provider.
6. Take antibiotics before your colonoscopy if you have any of the following symptoms before your procedure:
7. A cardiac valve implanted is an option.
8. You may have heard that taking antibiotics before a dental or surgical operation is necessary in some cases.

Risk of the Colonoscopy

The following are some of the risks related with colonoscopy:

1. Intestine perforation

Irregularities in the colon or rectum wall’s structure are called intestinal perforations. By using an instrument throughout the technique, it is possible to make them by accident. A polyp is removed, and the likelihood of these punctures increases slightly.

When perforations occur, antibiotics and bed rest are generally used in conjunction with watchful waiting. Surgical repair of large tears, on the other hand, is a medical emergency that must be addressed immediately.

2. Bleeding

It is possible that you will experience bleeding from your rectum or blood in your stool if a tissue sample is collected or a polyp is removed during the procedure.

Typically, there is nothing to be concerned about in this situation. When bleeding becomes excessive or does not stop, call your doctor immediately.

Electrocoagulation syndrome after polypectomy

Extreme stomach pain, fast heart rate, and fever might occur following a colonoscopy due to this extremely unusual complication.

This condition is brought on by a burn to the gut wall as a result of an injury to the intestinal wall. Aside from bed rest and medicines, these are extremely unusual conditions that require surgical treatment.

Anaesthetic-induced hypersensitivity reaction

Every surgical operation carries a small but significant risk of anaesthesia-related complications. Allergies and respiratory distress are examples of such symptoms.

3. Infection

There is evidence that bacterial infections, such as E. coli and Klebsiella, can occur after a colonoscopy procedure has been performed. Medical centres with insufficient infection control mechanisms in place may be more likely to experience these kinds of events.

Risks of colonoscopy in senior citizens

Given the slow growth of colon cancer, colonoscopies are not generally suggested for those over the age of 75 who have medical conditions that place them at increased risk for complications.

Seniors should be cautious when using bowel prep because it might induce dehydration or electrolyte imbalances if not utilised properly.

Polyethylene glycol prep solutions may cause adverse reactions in people with left ventricular dysfunction and congestive heart failure. In addition, edema and other problems may result as a result of these factors.

It is possible that sodium phosphate-containing prep drinks will cause kidney problems in some older people.

Conclusion 

Therefore it can be concluded,It is critical that elderly adults properly comprehend their colonoscopy preparation instructions and are prepared to drink the full amount of prep liquid that is recommended.. If you do not do so, you may have a lower completion rate on the test.

An elevated risk of heart or lung events in older persons can occur in the weeks following a colonoscopy, depending on their underlying health conditions and family history of disease.