Cephalotrichous

Introduction

Flagella are organelles that are defined by their function rather than their appearance. The flagella of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya differ significantly. Flagella can be used to swim in all three, but their protein content, structure, and mechanism of propulsion differ significantly. Flagellum is a Latin word that means “whip.” The flagellum of archaea bears a unique name, archaellum, to distinguish it from the flagellum of bacteria. Helicobacter pylori, which can cause a gastric ulcer and employs many flagella to propel itself through the mucus lining to reach the stomach epithelium, is an example of a flagellated bacteria. The flagellum of some bacteria can also operate as a sensory organelle, sensing moisture outside the cell. 

3 Types of Flagella

Flagella can be divided into three types: bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic. 

Bacterial

Bacterial flagella are helical filaments with a clockwise or counterclockwise rotating rotary motor at their base. They offer two different types of bacterial motility. 

Archaeal

Archaeal flagella (archaella) are superficially similar to bacterial flagella in that they both include a rotational motor, but they are not comparable in many ways. 

Eukaryotic

Animal, plant, and protist cells have flagella, which are complicated cellular projections that lash back and forth. Undulipodia[20] is a classification given to eukaryotic flagella and eukaryotic motile cilia to stress the relevance of their characteristic, wavy appendage in cellular function or movement. Primary cilia are not undulipodia and are immotile; they have a structurally distinct 9+0 axoneme than flagella and motile cilia. 

The 3 Types of Bacteria

Bacteria are single-celled creatures that are noted for their incredible adaptability and capacity to grow, as well as their long history. Bacteria-like species are among the earliest known fossils, dating back approximately 3.5 billion years. While some bacteria cause disease and death, others, such as those that break down dead organic materials or produce antibiotics, are innocuous or even beneficial. Bacteria are divided into three types based on their shape: spherical, cylindrical, and spiral. 

The Coccus

Coccus bacteria have a berry-like spherical or oval form. The name “kokkos” comes from the Greek word “kokkos,” which means “berry.” With an average diameter of 0.5 to 1.0 micrometres, these bacteria are among the tiniest and most basic. (A micrometre is one millionth of a metre). This category includes a number of pathogenic (disease-causing) bacteria. Streptococcus, which causes strep throat and scarlet fever; staphylococcus, specifically Staphylococcus aureus, which causes food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome; and meningococcus, which causes a variety of meningococcal diseases, including epidemic bacterial meningitis, are just a few examples of cocci. 

The Bacillus

Bacillus bacteria are rod-shaped bacteria. These bacteria are a little more sophisticated than the coccus family, measuring 0.5 to 1.0 microns in width and 1.0 to 4.0 microns in length on average. Yersinia pestis, which can cause bubonic and pneumonic plague, and Bacillus anthracis, which causes anthrax, are two examples of harmful bacteria. Beneficial bacteria, such as those used to generate antibiotics and those that populate the human intestinal tract and promote digestion, are both members of this family. 

The Spirochete

Spirochete bacteria are spiral-shaped bacteria. When observed under a microscope, they resemble worms, wriggling and moving around madly. Treponema pallidum, the bacteria that causes syphilis, and Leptospira, the bacteria that causes leptospirosis, are two of the more well-known members of the spirochete family. Symbiotic spirochetes, which live in the stomachs of ruminants like sheep, cattle, and goats, convert cellulose and other difficult-to-digest plant polysaccharides into nourishing food and fibre for their hosts, are among the beneficial spirochetes. 

Cephalotrichous Flagellation

Flagellation refers to the amount and dispersion of flagella on a bacterial surface. Bacteria are classified into the following categories based on this information:

Atrichous

Lactobacillus and Pasteurella, for example, lack flagella.

Monotrichous

Vibrio cholera, for example, has a single flagellum at one end. 

Amphitrichous

Nitrosomonas, for example, has one flagellum at each end. 

Cephalotrichous

Pseudomonas, for example, has a tuft of flagella at one end. 

Lophotrichous

Spirillum volutans, for example, have two tufts of flagella, one at each end. 

Peritrichous

1. E.coli and Clostridium tetani, for example, have flagella all over the surface. 

Conclusion

In both eukaryotes and bacteria, the flagellum serves some purposes. They can be stated in the following way: In organisms, flagella aids movement and motility. Flagella can assist detect pH and temperature changes. They aid eukaryotes in increasing their reproduction rates and are found in the uterus of female humans. They aid in the identification of specific species.