Survey on Electrical Resistance- Symbol, formula

Electric current when flowing from a bulb, some obstruction is offered on the current flow path by the conductor. The conductor’s obstruction in the current flow path is known as electrical resistance. R denotes the electrical resistance, since every electrical object is known to have a specific electrical resistance. And because of this, when current passes through them, conductors are known to give out the heat. And moreover, the resistance that is being offered by the conductor to DC is known as the DC resistance while when applied to AC is known as the AC resistance. It can also be called the effective resistance. This article will proceed more, covering the various topics related to electrical resistance surveys. Read all about electrical insulators here.

What is Electrical Resistance? 

Ohm’s law is known to state the relation between the current which is flowing from a conductor and the potential difference established across it. It is directly proportional. 

I~V → I=V/R → V=IR

Here, the V represents the potential difference that is to be measured across the conductors. It is to be measured in volts. Then I shown in the above equation represents the amount of current flowing through the conductor. This current is measured in amperes. And the R shown represents the constant of proportionality. This is known as resistance. This resistance is measured in ohms (Ω). 

The formula of electrical resistance is R=V/I (Volt per ampere).

Electrical resistance, R, is also the result when the potential difference is divided by the current flowing through the conductor or conductivity. 

The unit of measuring electrical resistance is ohms. Electric charge is known to flow easily through some materials as compared to other materials. When it flows through the circuit, this electric charge is measured with the help of electrical resistance. 

According to Ohm’s law, the amount of current flowing through a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage applied and is inversely proportional to the circuit resistance. 

Current(I)= Voltage(V)/ Resistance (R) 

Now, the above mentioned equation forms a relationship between the resistance, power and voltage which is represented by P= V2 / R, derived from P=IV (power calculated is the resulting product of current and voltage present in the circuit)

What are the factors affecting electrical resistance? 

The electrical resistance of a conductor depends on certain related electrical factors. These factors that affect the electrical resistance of an object are as follows: 

• The length of the conductor affects the electrical resistance of a conductor
• The conductor’s cross-sectional area affects the electrical resistance of an electrical object
• The material of the conductor through which the electric current flows. 
• The conducting material has a particular temperature. This temperature affects the electrical resistance of a conductor, or the material’s conductivity gets affected.

Now, let us see how these factors affect the electrical resistance of a conducting material.

• The length of the conductor and electrical resistance are both directly proportional to each other. (R∝L) 
• Electrical resistance is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the conductor (R∝1/A) 

Electrical insulators- uses and applications in the survey of electrical resistance 

Before jumping into the uses and applications of electrical insulators, let us have a quick look knowing what electrical insulators are. 

Electrical insulators act pretty much in contrast to electrical conductors. Electrical conductors allow the flow of current through them, while electrical insulators are the bad conductors of electricity. 

Uses of electrical insulators :

• The passage of high-voltage current gets prevented within the electric circuit.
• The cost of energy used in this flow of electricity is reduced while the current is passing. 
• Electric insulators contribute to the environment. It helps in protecting and saving the environment. The emission of pollutants is restricted with the help of electrical insulators. 
• Electric insulators will protect from getting electric shock or what is known as electrocution. 

Apart from the uses mentioned above, insulators are used for several other purposes too. 

The electrons that flow from one place to another within the insulators are prevented due to their tight binding of them. This way, the conduction of electric charges is prevented. And because of this, there are various applications for electric insulators. They are applied in:

• Cable coatings
• Electric poles coating that is found on the street
• Appliances with high voltage
• The coatings of the electric wires
• Circuit boards

Nonetheless, there are varied uses of superconductors too. But what mainly a superconductor does is the role of achieving superconductivity. Superconductivity is a state in which no substance gets to have electrical resistance, and neither the magnetic fields are allowed to penetrate. An electric current inside a superconductor is known to persist indefinitely or infinitely. Examples of superconductors are aluminium, cuprates like barium copper oxide, and magnesium diboride. 

Conclusion

Resistance (ohmic or electrical resistance) measures an electrical circuit’s resistance to current flow. The electrical resistance or the resistivity of a material is also known as the qualitative measurement wise of a material in which the current that is flowing gets obstructed in its path of flow. And considering the resistivity, electrical insulators have a higher value because they bar the path of electrical flow or conductivity. Some examples of electrical conductors are silver, copper and gold. Some examples of electrical insulators are dry air, plastics, glass, rubber, paper, etc.