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Physics studies how matter and energy interact in time and space. Physics has a thrilling dimension. This means that physics is always evolving with each discovery. The question itself changes as hypotheses and discoveries evolve. So many people define physics by what it was rather than what it is or will be.
Important laws of physics
1. Gay-Lussac’s Law
Gay-Lussac’s Law states that the pressure, P, at a certain temperature, T, is the same for any fixed volume, V, of gas. It is a fundamental property of gases that their pressure, P, depends only on their temperature, T, and not on their volume, V. For a given temperature, the volume of a given volume of gas will always contain the same number of molecules. This is true regardless of the gas’s physical state, such as its pressure or its temperature. The pressure is directly proportional to the temperature and it is inversely proportional to the volume.
2. Avogadro’s Law
Avogadro’s Law is a variation on Boyle’s Law that only applies to small volumes and low pressures. It states that the number of molecules in a small volume of gas is proportional to the total pressure of the gas and the total number of molecules in the container. This means that if you double the pressure in a small volume, the number of molecules in the gas does not double. This is, of course, a much more complicated equation than Boyle’s Law, but it also describes a fundamental aspect of gas behaviour at very small scales.
Avogadro’s Law is referred to as PV=nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvins.
3. Ohm’s Law.
Ohm’s law shows the relationship between potential difference and electric current. If current flows through a conductor, the current is proportional to the voltage applied to the conductor. Ohm is the SI unit of electrical resistance. Famous German physicist Georg Simon Ohm worked on resistance in 1826 and published in 1827, in the book Die galvanische Kette, mathematisch bearbeitet. Ohm’s law was named in honour of the physicist Georg Simon Ohm.
Ohm’s law states that “The voltage across any conductor is directly proportional to the current running through it, according to Ohm’s law. Supposing all the physical condition and temperature remains constant”.
Equation of Ohm’s law
V = IR
Where V is the voltage across the conductor
I is the current flowing through the conductor
R is the resistance of the conductor.
4. Newton’s Laws of cooling.
Newton developed a proportional relationship between the temperature difference and heat loss between an object and its surrounding.
Newton’s law of cooling states that any loss of heat by radiation depends on the following factors – the area of the exposed surface and the nature of the surface of the substance.
5. Coulomb’s Law.
STATEMENT: Coulomb’s Law states the amount of the force exerted by each charge on the other charge (remember Newton’s 3rd law).
F = K(|q1| | q2| /r2)
The symbol k in this context refers to electrical forces and has nothing to do with spring constants or Boltzmann’s constant!
K = 9 × 109 N-m2/C2
q1 & q2 = electric quantities of two electric charges
r = distance between the two electric charges
ε0 = dielectric constant of vacuum
F = force exerted on the electric charge with electric quantity q2 by the electric charge with electric quantity q1
6. Pascal’s Law.
Pascal’s law states that-
“A pressure change at any point in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid such that the same change occurs everywhere.”
This means that if a certain amount of force or pressure is applied to a fluid substance that is incompressible and stored in a confined container, the pressure change at any given part of the fluid will apply the exact change in pressure throughout the fluid body.
Pascal’s law is mathematically depicted as:
Δp = ρg x Δh
Where,
Δp denotes the hydrostatic pressure or, in other words, the difference in pressure between two points in the fluid, and this is measured in pascals (Pa)
ρ denotes the density of the fluid (kg/m2)
g denotes the acceleration due to the gravitational force (m/s2)
and, Δh denotes the difference in elevation between two points in the fluid column, measured in metres (m).
7. Boyle’s Law.
The law of Boyle is a physical law that describes the relationship between the pressure and volume of a given mass of a gas. The volume of a given mass of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure applied to that mass. The pressure of a gas is the amount of force per unit area that acts upon the gas. The volume of a gas is the amount of space that contains a given mass of a gas.
8.Charles’ law.
The relationship between pressure and volume in gas is known as Charles’s law. The law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted on it. This means that if we increase the pressure on a gas, its volume will decrease. Conversely, if we reduce the pressure on a gas, its volume will increase.
9. Law of conservation of energy.
The concept of energy is essential to physics. Every physical phenomenon requires the transfer of energy to occur. Energy can be seen or felt in various forms, such as heat energy used in motors, electrical energy, which is responsible for supplying electricity to the country, and so on. Every energy transmission is governed by laws governing energy conservation. According to the Law of Conservation of Energy, the total energy of a closed system is conserved, which means that additional energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can only be transferred from one form to another.
Conclusion :
Physics is one of the many branches of science. The term ‘physics’ came from the Greek word ‘physis,’ which means nature. For the most part, physics aims to find and explain the fundamental rules of nature. For any physics rule to be valid, it must explain the current facts and forecast outcomes and stand the test of time. More light is shed on the nature of the surrounding environment and the different events when new theories and principles are developed.
