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Nuclear fission is the splitting of an atomic bond in its most basic form. Given how much energy it takes to separate two nucleons, it may come as a surprise that breaking a nucleus can release enormous amounts of potential energy. While it is true that enormous amounts of energy can be produced, doing so in fact requires a significant amount of effort.
An unstable atom will disintegrate naturally, although it could take millions of years. As a result, a physical catalyst is required for nuclear fission to yield meaningful energy. The catalyst is usually a free neutron that is aimed straight at the nucleus of a high-mass atom.
Nuclear fusion is defined as the joining, or fusing, of two nuclei that results in an energy release. For many people, the concept is perplexing. After all, if energy is released when a nucleus splits, how can it not also be released when nucleons combine? Next, the distinction between fission and fusion will be discussed, which is caused by the size of the nuclei involved.
Q1. In a series of reactions involving other particles that appear and disappear, how many numbers of hydrogen nuclei fuse?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Answer: Option D.4 because four hydrogen nuclei fuse in a sequence of reactions that involve additional particles that appear and disappear on a regular basis, such as nitrogen, carbon, and other nuclei.
Q2. How is tritium made from sea water?
A. By bombarding lithium
B. By bonding with carbon
C. By bombarding Beryllium
D. By reacting with oxygen
Answer: Option A.By bombarding lithium, because seawater is bombarded with lithium to produce tritium. Lithium has an atomic number of 3 and a mass number of 6.941 u 0.002 u. It is a chemical element with an atomic number of 3 and a mass number of 6.941 u 0.002 u. Lithium is less frequent in the solar system due to its relative nuclear instability.
Q3. What is the other name for fusion reactions?
A. Thermonuclear
B. Thermoduric
C. Thermo Uric
D. Compound reactions
Answer: Option A.Thermonuclear because the temperature of positively charged nuclei is raised to millions of degrees to eliminate repulsive forces, resulting in plasma. The plasma should be kept from contacting the container’s walls for a period of time on the order of a second while maintaining a minimum density. Fusion reactions are referred to as thermonuclear because they require a higher temperature to initiate and maintain the reaction.
Q4. Atoms of different chemical elements that have the same number of nucleons are called as?
A. Isobars
B. Isotones
C. Isomers
D. Isotopes
Answer: Option A.Isobars because Isobars are atoms from various chemical elements that contain the same number of nucleons. Alfred Walter Stewart coined the term “isobar” in 1918. It is derived from the Greek terms ‘isos’ and ‘baros,’ which mean EQUAL and WEIGHT, respectively.
Q5. Which of the following elements is readily available in ordinary water?
A. Cesium
B. Thorium
C. Deuterium
D. Astatine
Answer: Option C.Deuterium because in ordinary water, deuterium, which is utilised in the fusion reaction, is readily available (Out of 6500 molecules). Heavy hydrogen is another name for deuterium. The deuteron is the nucleus of deuterium, which contains one proton and one neutron.
Q6. Heavy nuclei must be able to be fissioned by neutrons of a high-energy material called?
A. Fission fragments
B. Fission Neutrons
C. Fission species
D. Fission elements
Answer: Option C.Fission species because Fission species are made up of heavy nuclei that can be fissioned by energetic neutrons. To slow down the rate of disintegration, all fission species should have extended half lifetimes.
Q7. Why should neutrons with lower energy be capable of causing fission?
A. For faster reaction process
B. For sustained reaction process
C. For Safety purpose
D. To ensure that nuclear fuel is not lost,
Answer: Option B.For sustained reaction process because the initial high kinetic energy of a fission neutron lowers due to encounters with other nuclei. As a result, even lower-energy neutrons should be capable of triggering fission in a long-term reaction. Because two or three neutrons are released for every one absorbed by fission, only neutrons may cause a sustained reaction.
Q8. Who invented nuclear fission?
A. Rutherford
B. Hans Bethe
C. Otto Hahn
D. Marie Curie
Answer: Option C.Otto Hahn as On December 17, 1938, German Otto Hahn discovered heavy metal nuclear fission, which was theoretically explained by Lise Meitner and her nephew Otto Robert Frisch in 1939. The process is named after Frisch’s parallel with biological fission of living cells.
Q9. What type of Reaction takes place in the sun?
A. Nuclear fusion
B. Nuclear fission
C. Spontaneous fission
D. Double beta decay
Answer: Option A.Nuclear fusion as the sun and stars both undergo nuclear fusion reactions. The proton-proton chain is used to carry out the process. The sun starts with protons and converts them to helium in a sequence of stages. 600 million tonnes of hydrogen are transformed into helium per second. The reaction produces a great deal of heat and energy.
Q10. What happens when a neutron is absorbed by a nucleus of an atom of U235?
A. Mass number of atoms increases
B. One electron is let out
C. U236 isotope is formed
D. Nucleus becomes unstable
Answer: C.U236 isotope is formed as A U236 isotope is created when a neutron is absorbed by the nucleus of an atom U235. This isotope is extremely unstable, lasting one millionth of a second before splitting into two equal halves, releasing 200 MeV of energy.
Q11. Combining of two light nuclei of low mass to produce a heavy nucleus is called ___________
A. Nuclear fusion
B. Nuclear fission
C. Spontaneous fission
D. Double beta decay
Answer: Option A.Nuclear fusion as nuclear fusion is the process of fusing two low-mass light nuclei to generate a heavy nucleus, resulting in mass loss and the release of tremendous amounts of energy. The nuclear fission method is preferred by all atomic bombs.
