There is a need for the measurements of the lengths, distances, weights, heights, volumes, etc., of several objects in our everyday life. One of the most important aspects of measuring is selecting proper units and techniques for the accurate measurements of these physical quantities.
In physics, the measurements of different physical quantities are done correctly and carefully using conventional methods. For determining the value of an unknown quantity, taking accurate measurements is crucial. In this article, we will study more about the need for measurements in the field of science.
What Are Measurements?
‘Measurement’ can be defined as determining the magnitude of a quantity. In layman’s terms, it compares an unknown quantity with a known quantity. Well there are many ways to measure, like temperature, distance, or time. It can also be used to study the relative size of objects, and quantities. A real life example is how we measure things in our lives, such as money, time, distance, weight, height, and other physical attributes
For example, we use a weighing machine to measure weights and a scale/measuring tape for length. If we observe closely, we can see that these quantities have units, dimensions, and formulas to help make our measurements easier and to check the accuracy of our calculations. To measure a quantity, the unit of the object being measured is vital.
Units of Measurements
A unit of measurement is a standard dimension in which a particular physical object is measured. Different examples of units of measurement are given below:
International System of Units or SI unit
Quantity | Symbol | Unit |
Temperature | °C | Celsius |
Thermodynamic temperature | K | kelvin |
Time | s | second |
Mass | kg | kilogram |
Length | m | metre |
Electric Current | A | ampere |
Electric charge | C | coulomb |
Amount of substance | mol | mole |
Angle | rad | radian |
Solid Angle | sr | steradian |
Magnetic induction | H | henry |
Wavelength | Å | Angstrom |
Frequency | Hz | hertz |
Pressure, stress | Pa | pascal |
Power, radiant, flux | W | watt |
Force, weight | N | newton |
Energy, work, heat | J | joule |
Voltage, electromotive force | V | volt |
Magnetic flux density | T | tesla |
Mass And Related Quantities
Quantity | Symbol | Unit |
Torque | M | N.m |
Pressure | P | Pascal (Pa) |
Volume | V | m3 |
Force | F | Newton (N) |
Density | ρ | kg/m3 |
Acoustic pressure | p | Pascal (pa) |
Dynamic viscosity | η | Pa.s |
Dynamic volume | v | m3 |
Electricity and Magnetism
Quantity | Symbol | Unit |
Energy | W | joule (J = N.m) |
Electrical resistance | R | ohm (Ω = V/A) |
electrical capacitance | C | farad (F = C/V) |
Electric field | E | volt per metre (V/m) |
Electricity | Q | coulomb (C = A.s) |
Magnetic field strength | H | ampere per metre (A/m) |
Potential difference | U | volt (V = W/A) |
Power | P | watt (W = J/s) |
What is the Need for Measurement?
The need for measurement arises from the need to compare a particular object with the dimensions of a standard object. For example, in the manufacturing industry, measurements give us an idea about the number of products that need to be manufactured, how much each item weighs, etc. Measurements enable us to compare things through tried and tested formulas and calculations. As measurements are important, it is essential to eliminate as many errors as possible while taking them. This is why tools and calibrated measuring devices give standardised magnitudes of a physical variable during measurements.
Physicists measure things to meet standards and accuracy for precise values. For instance, a metre is defined as the distance travelled by light in a specific amount of time. But what if we measure distances using feet as the unit of length? Will it be convenient? Of course, based on the object measured, feet can also be a very convenient yardstick for measurement. Anything can be measured using the right units of measurement, from the tallest peak in the world to the tiniest fraction of a second.
Scientists recognize the universal need for measurements, both in the sciences and in everyday life, so they have standardised methods and units of measurement such as the International System of Units to set global standards for measurements.
Conclusion
‘Measurement’ can be defined as determining the magnitude of a quantity and Measurements help find a part or a dimension of a physical object that can be quantified with specific numbers and units. It is not arbitrary. All means of measurement have some margin of error as there is no perfect measuring instrument available. But by standardising the modes and units of measurement, this uncertainty can be reduced quite significantly. Physics depends on the measurements to make comparisons and better understand elements and other objects and phenomena around us. There are essential rules set in these fields of science to ensure uniform consistency in measurements all over the world.