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The area around the electric charge in which the electric force or stress is present is known as the electric field. It depends on the magnitude; if the magnitude of the charge is high then it will create a huge amount of stress on the region. E represents the electric field. The SI unit of an electric field is newton per coulomb which is equal to volts per metre.
It is electric charges which generate an electric field, which means they produce an area of space that surrounds the electrically charged particles or the objects, which feel the force of charged particles.
About electric charge
An electric charge can be both positive or negative. It depends on the situation and also, it’s a matter due to which two objects either resist each other or attract each other. If two objects are charged oppositely, they will attract each other and if objects have the same charges, they will resist each other.
An electric charge has coulomb as a unit which shows the electricity amount that is carried by the electric current of 1 ampere in 1 second.
Atoms are made of 3 particles, which are neutrons, protons, and electrons. Protons are the positive charge particles and electrons are the negative charge particles, whereas neutrons are neither positive nor negative. Objects which have no charge or zero charge are considered neutral.
Different types of electric field
There are two main types of electric field, which are uniform and non-uniform.
Uniform electric field
A uniform electric field is an electric field constant at each and every point. When we put two conductors parallel to each other, this type of constant electric field is achieved. The potential difference between them also remains the same.
Non-uniform electric field
A non-uniform electric field is a field that is not constant and is irregular at each and every point. The magnitude and the directions are always different.
Properties of electric field
Some of the important properties of the electric field are:
- The lines of the field never intersect with each other.
- The field lines are always perpendicular to the surface.
- When the lines are apart from each other, the field is considered to be weak and when the lines of the field are close to each other, the field is considered to be very strong.
- The magnitude of the charge is directly proportionate to the total number of field lines.
- The line of the electric field always starts from the positive charge and ends at the negative charge. In the case of a single charge, it automatically starts and ends at infinity.
When the two fields – electric field and magnetic field – unite, an electromagnetic field is formed.
Electric field formula
The formula of the electric field is given below:
E = F/q
If q and Q are two charges separated by distance r, the electric force is given by
F = KqQr2
The Electric field is measured in N/C.
Unit of the electric field
There are dimensions of force according to per unit charge as the value of the electric field. According to the metre-kilogram-second and the SI unit, the most appropriate units are newton per coulomb, which is equal to volts per metre.
What is Coulomb’s Law?
This law usually measures the actual force between any two still charges. According to Coulomb’s Law, unlike charges attract each other and like charges resist each other with a force which is directly in relation to the products obtained from the charges and indirectly proportional to the square of the distance among them.
The formula of Coulomb’s Law
For finding out the magnitude of the electrostatic force between different charges, we use the formula of Coulomb’s Law. The electrostatic force is denoted by Newton (N).
Electrostatic force = (Coulomb constant)* absolute value of (charge 1)*(charge 2)/ (distance between charges)2
F = k q1q2r2
F = the electrostatic force which is between the two points of different (N= kg.m/s2)
k = It denotes the Coulomb constant.
q1 = charge of the first point charge(C)
q2 = charge of the second point charge(C)
r = refers to the distance between the charges (m)
Conclusion
The area around the electric charge in which the electric force or stress is present is known as the electric field. It depends on the magnitude; if the magnitude of the charge is high, then it will create a huge amount of stress on the region.
An electric charge can be both positive or negative. If two objects are charged oppositely, they will attract each other and if the objects have the same charges, they will resist each other. Some of the properties of the electric field are, the lines of the field never intersect with each other, and field lines are always perpendicular to the surface.
