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Permanent tissue refers to the plant tissues that have lost their power to cell division and were fully grown from their preliminary stages. Meristematic tissues differentiate and divide themselves to create permanent tissues in the plant body. Tissue is a biological part in between the complete organs and cells in Biology.
Plant tissues are classified into three systems; that is Vascular, epidermis and ground tissues respectively in botany. Ground tissues produce several nutrients by the process of P; photosynthesis and store them for plant growth. The epidermis is helping to create the outer layer of leaves of new develop plants. Vascular tissue helps to flow different nutrients and fluid by phloem and xylem.
Definition of permanent tissue
Structure of permanent tissue
Permanent plant tissues are made by a group of meristematic nuclei that are responsible for the shape of the tissues. It gives the capability for stopping the cell divisions in the plant body. This tissue gives the physical strengths to the plant body and it was a matured tissue with no ability for further cell division.
Permanent tissue has a low metabolic rate and most permanent tissues are dead in the plant body. It needs less maintenance than other living tissues while giving mechanical strength to the plant. The power of cell division of these tissues is temporary and it completely develops cells with mature size and shape.
The function of the permanent tissues
There are several functions such as preparing foods for plants and conducting minerals to the various parts of the plants are done by the permanent tissues in the plant body. The first role of permanent tissue is to store several nutrients or minerals like proteins, oils, scratches and fats for the growth of plants.
The second function of permanent tissues is, showing different metabolic functions such as secretion, photosynthesis and respiration in the plant body. Chlorenchyma is the part of simple permanent tissue that helps in the process of photosynthesis and another part Aerenchyma provides support in gaseous and buoyancy exchanges.
This tissue gives rigidity to the new parts of the plant body. Permanent tissue consists of Collenchymas, which helps to protect Vascular bundles while making bundle caps in the leaves of plants. Permanent tissues have Xylem and Phloem; Xylem is needed for ascent sap to leaves from the roots. On the other hand, Phloem is needed to transport several foods to different parts of the plant body.
Types and Examples of permanent tissues
Permanent tissue is divided into three types based on its origin, structure and functions. The first type of permanent tissue is simple, the second kind of permanent tissue is special and the third one is complex permanent tissue. The nucleus made a simple permanent tissue with homogenous and comparable elements. Simple permanent tissues are classified into three kinds; Sclerenchyma, Parenchyma and Collenchyma.
Sclerenchyma is made of dead mechanical simple permanent tissue and it was introduced by the scientist Mettenius in 1805. Sclerenchyma is made by thick walls for deposition of lignin in the secondary wall and it has arranged compact cells without any space. Sclerenchyma provides rigidity and mechanical support to the plants and it is mostly seen in seed coats and fruits.
There are mainly two types of Sclerenchyma in simple permanent tissue; that is Sclereids and Sclerenchyma fibre. Simple permanent tissue has Parenchyma, which is made by thin walls with randomly arranged living cells in space. The nucleus of Parenchyma is cylindrical, rectangular, spherical and polygonal in shape and it was mainly made of cellulose.
It was located in a Vacuole that was made of cytoplasm and small-sized cells. Parenchyma is mainly seen in every place of a plant. Lysigenous and Schizogenous are two kinds of Parenchyma found in plants. Collenchyma is a type of modified Parenchyma and it was introduced by Schleiden in 1830. Collenchyma has a thick wall made of pectin and hemicelluloses and every cell is arranged compactly. It is located in the cytoplasm, vacuole and peripheral nucleus and most found in the epidermis of stems and leaves of the plant.
“Complex permanent tissue” is made by dead and living cells while having the same origin. It was divided into Phloem and Xylem. The last permanent tissue is special, which is made by excreting or secreting products that are known as Secretory tissue. Laticiferous and Glandular tissues are part of “Special permanent tissues”.
Laticiferous tissues consist of yellow or milky colored liquid and it contains alkaloids, proteins, mucilage, scratches and enzymes for the plant. Glandular tissues are commonly present in internal and external glands respectively. Resin, water and oil-secreting are part of internal glands. External glands are divided into three parts; secreting, Glandular and digestive glands.
Conclusion
Parenchyma is also useful for fibres in textile and jute industries as raw materials. The plant consists of Phloem, which is useful in cottage and textile industries as a form of raw material. Meristematic tissues are present in stems and roots of plants and these types of tissues are polyhedral shapes with light cell walls in their body. Simple tissues are generally made by similar functional and structural cells. It is a group of correlated cells that perform the same job in the plant body.
