Human Health and Diseases-Communicable Disease-Bacterial Disease

INTRODUCTION

“A diseased organism typically exhibits signs or symptoms that point to its abnormal status”. To recognize the symptoms of sickness, one must first understand the normal state of an organism.  Any of some ailments caused by bacteria is referred to as bacterial disease Nonetheless, there isn’t always a clear line between disease and wellness. Pathology is the scientific study of illness. “It requires determining the cause (aetiology) of the disease, as well as comprehending the sickness and its development mechanisms (pathogenesis), the structural changes connected with the disease process (morphological changes), and the functional implications of those changes. It is critical to correctly identify the aetiology of an illness to determine the best course of treatment.

Communicable disease

Diseases that are transmissible or infectious are spread from one organism to another. Infectious diseases are illnesses caused by living, reproducing microorganisms such as animal parasites, bacteria, fungus, or viruses. 

What is Bacterial Disease?

Do you know what is Bacterial disease? Any of some ailments caused by bacteria is referred to as a bacterial disease. Improved sanitation, vaccines, and antibiotics have all reduced bacterial infection fatality rates, however, antibiotic-resistant strains have resurrected several diseases. Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, was one of the world’s worst infectious diseases in the early twenty-first century, with multiple strains developing resistance to one or more widely used medications to treat the infection. 

Types of Bacterial Disease

Infections of the Skin Caused by Bacteria

Gram-positive strains of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, as well as other species, are commonly responsible for bacterial skin infections. The following are examples of common bacterial skin infections:

• Cellulitis is a painful red infection that usually feels warm to the touch. Cellulitis most commonly affects the legs, but it can also affect other parts of the body.
• Folliculitis is a hair follicle infection that generates red, puffy lumps that resemble pimples. Folliculitis can be spread by germs found in poorly treated pools or hot tubs.
• Impetigo causes oozing sores in children under the age of six. The bullous form of impetigo results in huge blisters, whereas the non-bullous variant appears yellow and crusty.

Bacterial Infections in Food

Bacterial infections are one of the leading causes of food poisoning. Food poisoning symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fever, chills and stomach discomfort. Unpasteurized dairy products, raw meat, fish, eggs, chicken and unpasteurized eggs may contain hazardous bacteria that can cause illness. Bacterial growth can be aided by unsanitary food preparation and handling. Among the bacteria that cause food poisoning are:

• Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is a bacteria that causes diarrhoea, cramps and fever.
• Clostridium botulinum (C. botulinum) is a bacterium that produces powerful neurotoxins and is potentially life-threatening.

• Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 causes diarrhoea (frequently bloody) and can also cause nausea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal cramps.
• Fever, muscle pains, and diarrhoea are symptoms of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). Pregnant people, the elderly, newborns, and others with compromised immune systems are the most vulnerable to infection.
• Fever, diarrhoea, and abdominal pains are all symptoms of Salmonella infection. Symptoms usually last four to seven days.
• When Vibrio enters the body, it produces diarrhoea, but it can also cause serious skin infections if it comes into touch with an open wound.

Bacterial Infections Spread Via Sexual Contact

Harmful bacteria are the source of many sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). These infections aren’t always accompanied by symptoms. The following are some of the most common STDs caused by bacterial infections:

• The bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis causes chlamydia, a sexually transmitted infection. Chlamydia increases the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease in women (PID).
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhoea, often known as “clap” and “the drip”. Both men and women are susceptible to infection. In women, gonorrhoea raises the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
• Syphilis is caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum and can affect both men and women. Syphilis, if left untreated, can be extremely hazardous and even lethal.
• Bacterial vaginosis is a condition in which harmful bacteria overgrow in the vaginal area.

Bacterial Infections of Other Types

Bacteria can cause problems in practically any part of the body. Bacterial infections can also include the following:

• Bacterial meningitis is a serious infection of the brain’s meninges or lining.
• The medical term for an infection or inflammation of the middle ear is otitis media. Ear infections can be caused by bacteria or viruses, and they are most frequent in newborns and small children.
• A bacterial infection of the bladder, urethra, kidneys, or ureters is known as a urinary tract infection (UTI).
• Sore throats, bronchitis, sinusitis, and pneumonia are all examples of respiratory tract infections. Infections in the respiratory tract could be caused by bacteria or viruses. Tuberculosis is a bacterial illness of the lower respiratory tract.

CONCLUSION

In this article, you learnt about bacterial diseases, what are bacterial diseases and the types of bacterial diseases. Bacteria are single-celled biological organisms. Some of them aid in the digestion of food, the destruction of disease-causing cells, and the provision of essential vitamins to the body. Bacteria are also employed in the production of nutritious foods such as yoghurt and cheese. Infectious microorganisms, on the other hand, can make you sick. They multiply rapidly in your body. Toxins are released by many of them, which can harm the tissue and make you sick. Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and E. coli are examples of bacteria that cause infections. The most common treatment is antibiotics. Follow the recommendations carefully before taking antibiotics.