Polyp and Medusa

Polyp and Medusa are the names for two body shapes found in the aquatic invertebrate phylum Cnidaria, one nonmotile and the other often free-swimming. Some species in this category are always polyps, while others are always medusa, and yet others have both polyp and medusa stages in their life cycle. The polyp is a nonmotile, sessile creature; examples of solitary polyps are the sea anemone and the freshwater hydra. When free swimming, the Medusa is commonly referred to as a jellyfish.

What is a Polyp?

Polyp and polypoid are the two body types of cnidarians. Animals with a nearly cylindrical shape. Solitary polyps’ adoral end sticks to the substrate. A pedal disc, a disk-like holdfast, is employed to secure the connection. Polyp colonies emerge. Each polyp in the colony is connected to the others, either directly or indirectly. Polyps have an oral mouth. It is surrounded by a circle of tentacles. Polyps reproduce asexually by budding.

Do you know what is a jellyfish polyp? Jellyfish have a stalked (polyp) phase when they are attached to coastal reefs, and a jellyfish (medusa) phase, when they float among the plankton. The medusa is the reproductive stage; their eggs are fertilised internally and develop into free-swimming planula larvae.

What is Medusa?

The other body type found in Cnidarians is Medusa. Medusa is a type of aquatic animal with free-swimming soft bodies. Along with the trailing tentacles, they have a gelatinous umbrella-shaped bell. To gain momentum and motility, the bell pulsates. Tentacles are employed to catch food or protect themselves from predators. In a painful sting, they contain poisons. The mouth anus is at the bottom of the bell.

Difference between Polyp and Medusa

Polyp and medusa examples are the two body forms observed in Cnidarians. The four classes of Cnidaria are Hydrozoa. Anthozoa is a kind of sessile creature. While Scyphozoa and Cubozoa can swim freely, Hydrozoa can exist in freshwater and saltwater. Hydrozoa includes both sessile and swimming organisms. Sessile formations are called polyps, whilst swimming forms are referred to as Medusa. The difference between polyp and medusa is that polyp is a fixed, cylindrical structure that symbolizes the asexual stage. Medusa is a free-swimming, umbrella-like structure representing the sexual stage.

Movement of polyp and Medusa

• The polyp is a sessile life cycle stage of the Cnidaria phylum, whereas Medusa is a mobile life cycle stage of the Cnidaria phylum.

Morphology of polyp and Medusa

• Polyps have tubular morphological features and are fixed at the base. Their mouth is at the opposite end of the body and is surrounded by tentacles that form the head. 

• Their tentacles and months point toward the sea. On the other hand, Medusa has the shape of a muscular bell and can swim. 

• Hydrozoa’s mouth, known as manubrium, is positioned at the end of a tube that hangs down from the bell. External components like tentacles, photoreceptors, and gravity-sensing osteocytes surround the bell. 

• Photoreceptors and statocytes are two external receptors that function as sensory organs in Medusa but not polyps.

Reproduction of polyp and Medusa

• Asexual reproduction happens when a circular patch of tissue made up of endoderm and ectoderm is evaginated, whereas sexual reproduction occurs when pheromones are produced. 

• Polyps can be hermaphrodites or have two sexes. When polyps bud, they can produce either polyps or Medusa.

• On the other hand, Medusa can only reproduce sexually and can only give birth to another medusa.

Evolution of polyp and Medusa

• Polyps and medusas are the two kinds of Cnidaria. Polyps are the most basic, while medusas are the most sophisticated.

• Medusa is free-swimming, sexually reproduces by cross-fertilization, and has a more complex morphology than polyps. 
• Photoreceptors and gravity-sensing statocytes are found in Medusa, whereas polyps lack sense organs.

Comparison between Polyp and Medusa

Polyp and Medusa are two separate life cycle phases seen in many Cnidaria species. Therefore, species that only exist in the polyp stage Anthozoa, those in the medusa stage Cnidaria, and species that occur in both life cycle phases Cnidaria are all included in Cnidaria Hydrozoa.

Conclusion 

The eumetazoan, or actual animals, are the ancestors of the remainder of the animal world. Eumetazoans have tissues that originate from the germ layers of the embryo, and our symmetry distinguishes between two body styles: radial and bilateral. It’s comparable to distinguishing between a pumpkin and a human head. When you look at a pumpkin, you’ll see that it has a top and a bottom but no left, right, back, or front. The middle portions are the same. That is an example of radial symmetry in action. A human head’s left, right, back, and front is clearly defined. On both sides, there is symmetry.