Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)

Peritoneal dialysis is a kidney failure treatment that uses the lining of the abdomen to filter blood. This lining is known as the peritoneum. A few weeks before peritoneal dialysis begins, the surgeon inserts a catheter, which looks like a soft tube, into the belly. The primary function of the kidney is to remove metabolic wastes from the body; if this process is disturbed, the kidney may fail. Dialysis is a process that aids in the removal of waste from the body and the filtration of blood in the abdomen.

Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)

Peritoneal dialysis is performed to remove waste products from the blood when your kidneys can no longer manage it. During peritoneal dialysis, blood vessels in the abdominal lining (peritoneum) filled in for the kidneys with the help of a fluid (dialysate) that flowed into and out of the peritoneal cavity.

Peritoneal dialysis, also known as peritoneal dialysis, is a dialysis method that involves minor surgery to implant a catheter in the abdomen. This technique takes a few hours and is repeated 3–5 times per day.

The catheter is placed to help with dialysis by filtering the blood through the peritoneum, an abdominal membrane. Dialysate is a special fluid that absorbs all of wastes from the blood and then flushes them out at night as the patient sleeps. This treatment is used as an alternative to hemodialysis.

Types of Peritoneal Dialysis

CAPD (Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis)

CAPD does not necessitate the use of a machine. CAPD can be completed in any clean, well-lit location. The only thing you’ll need is a bag which is full of dialysate fluid as well as the plastic tubing which comes with it. To reduce the danger of infection, wearing a mask is also strongly advised. You can move around with dialysis solution in the belly, as the phrase ambulatory implies. CAPD is a manual procedure that can be carried out practically anyplace. Dialysis actually took place 24 hours a day, and also seven days a week with CAPD. The peritoneal membrane serves as a filter for the blood, eliminating poisons and extra fluid. Toxins and fluids that your kidneys are unable to eliminate pass through the membrane and into the dialysis solution.

CCPD (Continuous Cycling Peritoneal Dialysis)

This treatment, also referred as automated peritoneal dialysis (APD), is performed at home with the catheter connected to a cycler machine. CCPD is a straightforward technique. The machine regulates the timing of the exchanges, drains the spent solution, and refills the peritoneal cavity with fresh fluid. This machine was created with the intention of being utilised at night while people sleep. The machines are simple to use and include built-in safety features. CCPD machines are compact enough to fit in a small luggage. They can be utilised everywhere there is a grounded power source.

Complications Of Peritoneal Dialysis

The main complication of this treatment is infection, which is caused by the existence of a permanent tube. Before surgery, the stomach is properly cleaned, and a catheter with one end placed in the abdomen and the other protruding out from the skin is surgically installed.

The catheter must be carefully sanitised before each infusion and flow into and out of the abdomen. 2 – 3 litres of dialysis fluid are administered to the abdomen for ten to fifteen minutes.

Dwell refers to the entire volume of the fluid, whereas dialysate refers to the fluid itself. With some medication given immediately before the infusion, the total fluid volume could be around three litres. The home would therefore be in the stomach, where waste materials would diffuse through the peritoneum and blood vessels. Depending on the intensity of treatment, the fluid is replenished every 4 to 6 hours. This happens while the patient is sleeping. Fluid exchange occurs at least 4 to 5 times per day in the abdomen. Lactate, sodium chloride, and a certain amount of glucose are added to the fluid to induce hyperosmolarity. Fluid exchange occurs at least 4 to 5 times per day in the abdomen.

Conclusion

A significant factor of peritoneal dialysis (PD) use is the procedure of modality selection and how it works. This extremely complicated procedure has not been thoroughly investigated. We break this down into six steps and show how issues at each step can considerably lower the number of patients with end-stage renal disease who start PD. It is critical for any programme wishing to expand its usage of PD to understand the phases and places where issues may arise.