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Somatotrophs emit growth hormone, which is a protein hormone with 190 amino acids and is produced in the anterior pituitary, which is where it is found in the body. It is also referred to as human growth hormone when it is found in humans. The creation of this peptide hormone is required for the development of animals and humans since it stimulates cell reproduction, cell growth, and cell regeneration in both. Growth hormone promotes physical development in childhood and aids in the maintenance of tissues and organs throughout life. It is produced by the pituitary gland, which is a pea-sized organ located at the base of the brain. The pituitary gland, on the other hand, begins to gradually diminish the quantity of growth hormone it generates after a person reaches middle age.
1. This feature of a hormone causes it to be unable to exert its full action in the absence of the presence of an additional hormone.
(a) antagonism
(b) self-assertive
(c) permissiveness
(d) synergism
Answer: (c)
Permissiveness is a biological phenomena in endocrinology that occurs when the presence of one hormone is required in order for another hormone to exert its full effects on a target cell. Permissive, synergistic, and antagonistic interactions between hormones have been observed.
2. Exactly where on the cell can you find the “hormone response element”?
(a) RNA
(b) DNA
(c) membrane
(d) enzymes
Answer: (b)
The hormone-receptor complex binds to a DNA sequence known as a hormone response element (HRE) in the nucleus, causing gene transcription and translation to begin.
3. It’s a neuroendocrine gland.
(a) adrenal cortex
(b) hypothalamus
(c) pancreas
(d) pituitary
Answer: (b)
When it comes to numerous biological activities, the hypothalamus is a critical component of the brain. It is responsible for regulating the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, among other things. Adrenal glands are found in the body’s adrenal glands. Glossary of Kidney Terms All Glands Glands has a lot of resources.
4. Which of the following is not included in the chemical classification of hormones?
(a) steroid hormones
(b) amino-acid based hormones
(c) glucose-containing hormones
(d) protein-based hormones
Answer: (c)
Blood sugar (glucose) levels are controlled by glucagon, a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. In the pancreas, it is created by alpha cells, which can be found in the islets of Langerhans, where it is released into the bloodstream.
5. __________ takes over the responsibility of transcription of fresh messenger RNA.
(a) steroid hormones
(b) catecholamines
(c) pituitary gland hormones
(d) pancreatic hormones
Answer: (a)
Steroid hormones are a class of hormones formed from cholesterol that operate as chemical messengers in the body. They are produced by the adrenal glands. In addition to regulating many physiologic processes, steroid hormones also have a role in the development and operation of the reproductive system.
6. Sympathetic nerve impulses result in the release of hormones.
(a) aldosterone
(b) epinephrine
(c) insulin
(d) estrogen
Answer: (b)
Epinephrine, often known as adrenaline, is a hormone produced predominantly by the medulla of the adrenal glands and has the primary purpose of increasing cardiac output and elevating glucose levels in the bloodstream.
7. This system has the power to directly bypass the usual endocrine controls in the body.
(a) reproductive
(b) nervous
(c) circulatory
(d) digestive
Answer: (b)
Your nervous system serves as the control centre for your entire body. It originates in your brain and is responsible for controlling your motions, thoughts, and automatic responses to the environment around you. As well as digestion, respiration, and sexual development, it regulates a variety of other bodily systems and activities (puberty).
8. A notable example of this is parathyroid hormone secretion.
(a) humoral stimuli
(b) pituitary gland stimuli
(c) hormonal stimuli
(d) hypothalamic stimuli
Answer: (a)
In the context of hormone release, hormonal stimuli refer to changes in extracellular fluids such as blood or the concentration of ions in the blood that cause the release of hormones. Increasing glucose levels, for example, causes insulin to be released from the pancreatic beta cells.
9. This is the shortest in water-soluble hormones
a) chain of amino acids
(b) activation time
(c) half-life
(d) molecule
Answer: (c)
As a result of their quick degradation by enzymes (proteases) found in the bloodstream, some free water-soluble hormones have short half-lives when administered intravenously. Many others are more stable, and some of them bind to binding proteins, allowing them to circulate for a longer period of time than free water-soluble hormones do.
10. Although it is not a large endocrine structure, it is responsible for the production of hormones in addition to completing its primary function.
(a) thymus
(b) kidneys
(c) pancreas
(d) pituitary
Answer: (b)
Among the many functions of the kidney are the secretion of hormones and humoral factors, including those of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), erythropoietin (EPO), and 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3. It also creates enzymes, such as kallikreins, which are responsible for the production of hormones in other, more distant locations.
11. Growth regulators, which control plant growth and development are called___________
a) Secondary metabolites
b) Macro element
c) Nonessential elements
d) Phytohormone
Answer: (d)
In plants, phytohormones (also known as plant hormones) are tiny chemical compounds that are generated by certain cells/tissues in low concentrations and are responsible for promoting the growth and development of the plant.
12. Which of the statements below is incorrect?
A. Auxins are the most important plant hormone.
B. Auxins are produced at the region of elongation.
C. Indoleacetic Acid (IAA) is a principal auxin.
D. Auxins are also important in regulating the fall of leaves and fruits.
Answer. (b)
Auxins increase stem elongation while inhibiting lateral bud development (maintains apical dominance). The stem, buds, and root tips all produce them. Indole Acetic Acid is a good example (IA). Auxin is a plant hormone that promotes cell elongation and is produced in the stem tip.
