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It’s a rare disorder in which the kidneys produce abnormally large amounts of urine that is insipid, or odourless, and it can be fatal. This is when the kidneys lose control of water excretion.
While the two conditions of diabetes – diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus – are not necessarily related, they can cause a constant thirst as well as frequent urination. However, the blood sugar level in people with diabetes insipidus sugar is normal, however their kidneys cannot control the fluid. This is the only distinction between diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus.
Types Of Diabetes Insipidus
There are four types:
Central Diabetes Insipidus
This condition can be caused by damage to the hypothalamus, pituitary or pituitary cells.
Nephrogenic Diabetic Insipidus
It can be caused by kidney diseases, high levels of calcium, blocked urinary tracts, and low potassium levels.
Dipsogenic Diabetes Insipidus
This condition is caused due to dysfunction in the thirst mechanism of the hypothalamus.
Gestational Diabetes Insipidus
This is especially true during pregnancy when ADH levels of the mother are low and the enzymes in the placenta cause it to become severe.
Diabetes Insipidus Causes
Our kidneys filter blood multiple times. Only a very small amount of concentrated urine is allowed to escape and most of it is absorbed. Diabetes insipidus is a condition where the kidneys can’t properly concentrate the urine. A lot of dilute urine is expelled.
Antidiuretic hormone, or ADH, regulates how much water is excreted through the urine. ADH is also called vasopressin. It is found in the hypothalamus, located at the base of the brain.
Central diabetes insipidus is an example of DI caused by a lack of ADH. Nephrogenic diabetes is a condition where the kidneys fail to respond towards ADH.
Diabetes Insipidus Treatment
- Vasopressin can be used to treat the Central DI
- Nephrogenic is when DI occurs from medicine. It could be possible to restore normal kidney function by stopping the medication
- You can treat hereditary nephrogenic DI by drinking enough fluids that match the amount of urine being released
- Nephrogenic DI is treated by diuretics (water pills), and anti-inflammatory drugs
Conclusion
ADH and Diabetes Insipidus are both interconnected. Shortage of ADH in the body is the primary cause of Diabetes Insipidus. The hypothalamus may fail to produce enough ADH, or the cells of kidneys may fail to respond to it. There are four types of Diabetes Insipidus.
Diabetes is not completely curable but can be effectively managed by proper medication and by maintaining a healthy diet. The most common symptom of Diabetes Insipidus is frequent and uncontrolled urination.
