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As we learn in this section, all of these things work according to the rules of thermodynamics. Heat engines, refrigerators and heat pumps all work this way. One of the most important things we can do with heat is turn it into electricity. This is what a heat engine does. It uses air parts to use the laws of thermodynamics to turn heat into mechanical energy. Refrigerators or heat pumps, heat engines like gasoline and diesel engines, jet engines and steam turbines that make electricity are all examples of mechanical energy work, which is when things move. There is a rise in temperature and pressure because of this. As a result, a moving piston is more likely to be moved by a moving piston because of this.
Heat Pump And Refrigerator – Applications
Refrigerator applications-
Fractional distillation is a way to separate gases. To separate air into its different parts, it is used because different parts of air melt at different temperatures
Ammonia, for example, is cooled down before it is stored or transported in the industrial sector
Dehumidifying the air is done by melting and separating the water in the air, which is how it works
For example, vegetables, organic chemicals and explosives, as well as other foodstuffs, need to be kept cool to keep them safe for a long time.
Heat pump applications
There are a lot of different ways you can heat your home or office. Heat pumps are the most common method.
Heat pumps are used to warm water in businesses and homes. They take heat from other processes and transfer it to water.
The heat pump is used in factories to heat the water before the reactions start.
The heat pump is used to get back the heat that other processes have used..
Heat Pump And Refrigerator – Working Principle
Working principle of Refrigerator
There are 5 fundamental components in the refrigerator
a fluid refrigerant,
an evaporator coil,
an expansion device,
a compressor,
a condenser coil,
The air is cooled using the fluid refrigerant and the compressor cools the fluid refrigerant, ensuring that the air remains cool. The compressor compresses the refrigerant vapour in a refrigerator or heat pump, which densifies it and forces it into the coils on each side. When the hot gas in the coils comes into touch with the cooler kitchen air, it becomes liquid. Following that, while the refrigerant is still liquid and under high pressure and flows into the coils of a refrigerator or heat pump, it becomes even colder. The refrigerant absorbs the heat generated within the refrigerator or heat pump, cooling the air. The refrigerant then evaporates and returns to the compressor, where the cycle begins again.
Working principle of Heat Pump
Heat pumps are typically composed of two components:
an inside device is known as an air handler and
a piece of outdoor equipment that looks similar to an air output unit.
A compressor moves a refrigerant through the system as it moves between these two units. The refrigerant absorbs and releases heat as it moves through the system. When the working fluid or refrigerant (in its gaseous state) comes into this system, it is compressed by a compressor and circulates through the whole thing. The process of compressing the fluid makes the fluid hotter. After exiting the compressor, it cools down in a heat exchanger, called a condenser. The hot and pressured vapour on the discharge side of the compressor cools down until it condenses into a high-pressure, medium-temperature liquid. An expansion valve or a capillary tube must be used to lower the pressure of the condensed fluid. A low-pressure liquid must be heated up in a heat exchanger before the refrigerant can be sent back to the compressor, where it can be used again.
Refrigerators or Heat Pumps- Principle
Compared to heat engines, refrigerators or heat pumps operate in the other way.
At lower temperatures, the working material in refrigerators takes heat Q2 from the sink T2
The compressor of the refrigerators or heat pumps does some exterior work and then heat Q1 is rejected back to the source, which is the refrigerator’s radiator, by the compressor.
A refrigerator or heat pumps in terms of operation. The item’s intended usage determines the word we choose for the gadget. If the device aims to chill a specific space that is generated by other processes, such as the inside of a chamber and a higher-temperature reservoir is around it, we refer to it as a refrigerator.
Refrigerators or heat pumps are used when the goal is to pump heat into a specific location (such as a room in a building when the outside temperature is cooler than the rest of the building)
Conclusion
The cycles that we used to describe the engine in the prior section are all reversible, which means that each series of actions can be performed in the opposite direction just as easily as it can be done in the first. In this situation, the engine is referred to as a refrigerator or heat pump, depending on whether the emphasis is on heat removal from the cold reservoir or heat transfer from the cold reservoir to the hot reservoir. A refrigerator or heat pump are both examples of engines that operate in reverse.
