Terms of Photoelectric Effect

The photoelectric effect refers to the process of electron ejection from a metal plate when light falls on the surface of the metal. The photoelectric effect is often termed quantum radiation where the energy can be infrared, UV rays, visible light or X-rays. In the photoelectric effects, the surface material could be solid,gas or liquid and the released particles are the electrically charged ions or atoms. The photoelectric effect was first discovered by the physics scientist Rudolf Hertz in 1887 when works with the radio wave. The photoelectric effect is based on the principle of electromagnetic radiation from the surface of the materials.

What is the Photoelectric effect?

The photoelectric effect is the process of release of electrons from the surface of the materials either solid or gas or liquid to make electromagnetic waves for communication and radio waves. Photoelectric Effect represents the interaction between light and matter. In the photoelectric effect, the maximum energy of the released electron is not proportional to the frequency of the light in the radiation process. The frequency of the light did not discover the number of electrons released in the photoelectric effect. In the photoelectric effect, the amplitude of the election outgoing directly on the force of the kinetic energy in the radiation. The potentiality of the electron outgoing or release depends on the material surface and properties of the pathway in the photoelectric effects.

Definition of photoelectric effects:

The photoelectric effect is a stream of particles of electromagnetic energy that releases light or atomic electrons to make electromagnetic waves. The released particles of light in the photoelectric effect are defined as photons. The energy released through the release of the photon is the same as the frequency of the light released for the material or surface. In the photoelectric effect, the kinetic energy in the released position depends on the frequency of the light. Therefore, different frequencies or wavelengths have different kinetic energy released in terms of photons. The photoelectric effect is held because of the energy absorbed in the surface of the material and released atoms in terms of kinetic energy.

Photoelectric effect equation and laws:

The photoelectric effect was successfully explained by Albert Einstein and he explained that the photoelectric effect occurs due to the light energy carried in the quantized packets. According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation:

• E=hv (E=energy of the photon, h= Planck’s constant,v is the frequency in hertz).

Planck’s Equation:

• E = hc/λ

In the above equation, E denotes the energy of the radiated photon, h is the Planck constant, λ is the wavelength and C is the speed of the light.

From the above equation, it can be clear that the energy of the radiated photon depends on the cycle speed of the light and is inversely proportional to the wavelength.

What is the application of photoelectric effect:

Devices based on the photoelectric effect have several properties which produce light directly proportional to the intensity of the light. The basic device that works on the photoelectric effect is the photoelectric cell. The photoelectric cell contains an anode and cathode and the current released by the cell is gathered by the anode in the cell. Semiconductor based photoelectric cells are widely used in the illumination and generation of electricity in low voltage or varying band gaps. Photoconductive cells are widely used in the developing type of automatic circuit in the street light. Infrared sensors, night detection cameras are examples of the Photoconductor true cells..

Important characteristics of photoelectric effects:

• The photoelectric cell works as constant in  the time and wavelength of the same frequency
• If the frequency of the light decreased in the radiation, then the total kinetic energy decreased in the released photons
• The photoelectric effect occurs only when the frequency is above the cutoff frequency
• Kinetic energy on the surface of the photoelectron does not depend on the radiation intensity 

Principle of photoelectric effect:

The principle of the photoelectric effect depends on the radiation of energy from the surface of the material due to the absorption of light on the surface. In the photoelectric effect, each photon carries a quantum of energy and the energy varies according to the frequency of the wavelength. The entire energy of the photon is transferred to the photoelectron to make a different length of kinetic energy for the radiation. The maximum energy released by the photon is defined as the difference between the incident photon and the working function of the metal. 

Conclusion:

The above study indicates that the photoelectric effect occurs when the incident photon is released from the surface in the form of radiated electrons by the absorption of light energy on the surface. Einstein’s photoelectric equation suggests that the amount of the radiated energies depends on the frequency of the wavelength in the photoelectric effect.