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Electromagnetic induction, often known as induction, is a process in which a conductor is placed in a specific position while the magnetic field is constantly changing or the magnetic field is stationary while the conductor is moving. Voltage and EMF (Electromotive Force) are generated across the electrical conductor as a result of this process. In 1830, Michael Faraday discovered the Law of Induction.
What is Electromagnetic Induction?
Electromagnetic induction pertains to the current produced as a result of the generation of voltage (electromotive force) due to the changing magnetic field.
The unexpected discovery of electromagnetism by Oersted opened the door to further practical applications of electricity, but the key to practical electricity generation was discovered by Michael Faraday, who discovered electromagnetic induction, which was later named after him.
Michael Faraday observed that when a length of wire is subjected to a perpendicular magnetic field flow of variable intensity, a voltage will be formed across that length of wire. Using a permanent magnet adjacent to a wire or a coil of wire as a guide, you can easily produce magnetic fields of varying intensities in minutes.
Working of electromagnetic induction
Michael Faraday was the first person to discover electromagnetic induction, which was back in the 1830s. During his experiments, Faraday discovered that moving a permanent magnet in and out of a coil or a single loop of wire resulted in the generation of an ElectroMotive Force or emf, also known as a voltage, and so the production of a current was triggered.
So what Michael Faraday discovered was a method of producing an electrical current in a circuit that relied solely on the force of a magnetic field, rather than the need of batteries, as the source of current. After that, Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, which connects electricity with magnetism, became a very important piece of knowledge.
When the magnet is moved “towards” the coil, the galvanometer’s pointer or needle will deflect away from its centre position in one direction only. The galvanometer, which is essentially a very sensitive apparatus, will deflect away from its centre position.
The needle of a galvanometer will show deflection in the opposite direction to the magnet when it is moved “away” from the coil in the opposite direction.
Law of induction
It is possible to infer from the foregoing description that there is a relationship between an electrical voltage and a changing magnetic field, in accordance with the theory of electromagnetic induction proposed by Michael Faraday.
The law states that during the relative motion between the conductor and the magnetic field the voltage generated in the circuit is proportional to the rate of flux change.
Factors influencing induction
Increase in the number of turns of wire attached to the coil:
An increase in the number of conductors cutting through the magnetic field will result in an increase in the induced emf produced by a coil. For example, if there are 20 turns in the coil, the amount of induced emf produced will be 20 times greater than if there were only one piece of wire.
Increasing relative motion speed between the magnet and coil:
Assuming the same coil of wire passes through the same magnetic field, but its speed or velocity is increased, the wire will cut the lines of flux at a quicker rate, which results in a more induced electromagnetic field being generated.
Increasing magnetic field strength:
A greater amount of emf will be produced if the same coil of wire is moved at the same speed through a stronger magnetic field because there are more lines of force to cut.
Conclusion
Electromagnetic induction pertains to the current produced as a result of the generation of voltage (electromotive force) due to the changing magnetic field. This voltage is referred to as an induced emf because it has been inducted into the conductor by a changing magnetic field as a result of electromagnetic induction, with the negative sign in Faraday’s law indicating the direction in which the induced current is flowing (or polarity of the induced emf).
