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In the experiment, Rutherford directed a high α-particles energy stream through a source of radiation at a gold thin sheet with 100 nm thickness. Regarding experiments such as deflation initiated to these α-particles, Rutherford placed a screen of fluorescent zinc sulphide among this gold thin foil. Rutherford has conducted a certain realisation that could contradict the atomic model of Thomson.
Rutherford atomic model
Conducting this atomic model of Rutherford, he has observed that a large α-particles fraction could be bombarded among the gold sheet without any such deflation and the majority of the space has been observed as empty in an atom. Therefore some α-particles have been deflected through this gold sheet through very slide angles and then the positive charges might not be uniformly distributed in an atom. Such positive charges could be focused in such a very small volume in an atom. Some α-particles have been deflected back and due to this reason, some α-particles had closed to the deflection of 180o angle. The volume of the particles has been occupied through those particles that have positively charged an atom and it could be compared to the entire volume of such an atom. It has dealt with the experimentation and observation of the alpha particles and positively charged radiations. This atomic theory under the atomic model could gain a large significance in the segment of research and chemical experimentation.
Limitations of Rutherford atomic model
Rutherford’s atomic model has, depending on the experimental observation, failed to discuss certain things regarding the implementation. He has proposed revolved electrons throughout the nucleus as orbits in a fixed path. As per Maxwell, it could be assumed that acceleration could charge the particles and emit the electromagnetic radiation and an electron might revolve throughout the nucleus that should be focused on emitting electromagnetic radiation. Hence the radiation might carry energy through the electrons that might impose an orbit shrinking cost. Finally, the electrons could collapse in a particular nucleus and its calculation has been facilitated by this atomic model.
Apart from that, more limitations are there as an electron might collapse in such a nucleus within 8-10 seconds. This model does not entirely follow the Maxwell theory and does not discuss the atom’s stability. It has also highlighted the electron arrangement that has not concluded this model and the previous atomic model might be determined as failed and inaccurate to discuss certain feedback or the results from such experimentations. This model has focused on the future enhancement in the segment of quantum mechanics. The Thomson model is a little different from the Rutherford model as Thomson has focused more on the theoretical concept rather than the practical experimentation.
The atomic theory of Rutherford atomic model
As per the atomic model of Rutherford, the particles positively charged along with the atom’s mass have been focused in the minimal volume. This model has also offered some electrons encircled that are charged negatively in an atom nucleus. This model has also highlighted the electrons among the nucleus at the light speed called circular paths orbits. Through enhancing the model of Thomson it has a dense nucleus that might assist the experiment of gold foil and enhance the concept of the atomic model. It could be realised from this atomic model that alpha particles might be transmitted through the connection of a graphic plate and it could facilitate a sharp-edged concept. Apart from that, alpha particles have been transmitted through a mica sheet with 20 thick micrometres that would conduct impact with such blurry edges. In the case of some particles, such blurring could resemble a deflection with two-degree.
The gold foil could be determined as 0.00004 cm thick where the majority of the alpha particles passed through the foil directly. Some particles might be diverted through the hit and foil on a particular screen on one side. Therefore, this model might not be accepted by every physicist in the experimentation of chemical atom understanding. This model could be suggested that its charge on the nucleus could be ascertained as the basic features of an atom and it could consider its structure. Apart from that, this model could be further recommended that the elements of Mendeleyev’s periodic table have been organised as per their atomic masses that are directly accountable for the chemical behaviour and structure of atoms.
Conclusion
The atomic model of Rutherford has identified the atom as positively charged, dense and tiny called a nuclear that has covered through negative charges as electrons. This theory has explained the model of an atom where every mass of the atom is focused on the nucleus among which the negative charges could revolve like an electron. In the entire study, the atomic model and the Rutherford atomic model along with its limitation and observation has been highlighted here.
