AN EXPLANATION OF SPACE WAVE PROPAGATION

Introduction

Space wave propagation is often denoted as tropospheric propagation and is transmitted from the earth’s atmosphere to the tropospheric atmosphere. Space wave propagation has three components: direct wave reflected wave and tropospheric wave. The space wave propagation is the straight-line signal propagated from the surface of the transmitter to the receiver. Space wave propagation techniques are used in radio and satellite communication for direct transfer of the frequency. The space wavelength varies as per the curvature of the earth’s surface. The space wave propagation technique uses the antenna to transfer the wave from the transmitter to the receiver in real-time.

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What is space wave propagation?

Space wave propagation refers to the satellite signals of radio transmitted freely through the earth’s atmosphere. Space wave propagation refers to the radio waves transmitted from the antenna to propagate along the space to reach the receiver antenna. The space wave propagation reaches the receiver’s antenna directly or after being reflected from the ground surface to the troposphere region. In space wave propagation the signal that is not reflected in the ionosphere region simply propagates from one end to the other in straight line communication. Straight-line communication can be achieved between the two points in the antenna without any barriers in the medium.

Explanation on the space wave propagation

Space wave propagation is generally two types that are electromagnetic waves and microwaves. Space wave propagation happens when the wave of the radio frequency is transmitted from the antenna and propagates through the tropospheric surface to reach the receiver’s antenna without any difficulties. Space wave propagation depends on three components that are-

• • Direct waves: Direct radio waves are the waves that are transmitted directly from the transmitter antenna to the receiver antenna.

• Reflected waves from the ground: The radio waves in the atmospheric waves that reach the receiver antenna after reflecting from the earth’s surface.

• Tropospheric wave: Tropospheric wave of space is the radio waves that re\aches to the receiver’s antenna after reflecting from the troposphere.

Space wave propagation properties

Space wave propagation has three properties for straight-line communication through the earth’s surface or troposphere surface. The frequency of the wavelength of the space wave propagation is inversely proportional to each other. The electromagnetic wave of a small wavelength faced difficulties in the penetration due to barriers in the pathway of proportion. The high-frequency wavelength is easily transmitted from the transmitter antenna to the receiver’s antenna without any difficulties in the pathway. The troposphere allows the propagation of the high-frequency wavelength to send information from the transmitter end to the receiver end.

Space wave propagation frequency range

Space waves have a high frequency and it refers to the radio waves of frequency ranging from 30 MHz to 300 MHz. The frequency above 40 MHz is suitable for radio and mobile communication to reduce the penetration problems in the pathway. LOS propagation technique is quite useful for communication in the satellite medium. The space wave propagation frequency changes according to the nature of the wave transmitted from the transmitter’s end to receive at the receiver antenna. Radio waves fall under the electromagnetic waves that propagate through the tropospheric surface in the earth’s atmosphere.

Use of space wave propagation

Space wave propagation techniques have been adopted to reduce the error and difficulty on the ground wave propagation and sky wave propagation. Space wave propagation is very useful for communication and sharing information in the live broadcast of the events. Electromagnetic waves use the space wave propagation technique to directly transfer information from the transmitter antenna to their receiver’s antenna. “Line of sight communication, radar communication, satellite communication” is the most common use of space wave communication. Space wave propagation is the direct transfer of the waves within 20 km of the earth’s surface. 

Benefits of space wave propagation

Space wave propagation has several benefits which are described below:

• The rate of the absorption of high-frequency waves in the atmosphere is low.
• Improves the signal quality in the LOS techniques of space wave communication
• Signals in space wave communication do not depend on the height of the antenna at the transmitter and receiver’s end.
• Most common types of space wave propagation that electromagnetic waves are useful for daily uses.
• For long-distance communication, the spacer wave is transmitted by the artificial antenna to reach the receiver’s end.

Conclusion

The above study indicates that space wave propagation is the radio waves transmitted from the transmitter antenna to the receiver’s antenna through the troposphere region of the earth. The frequency of the high wavelength is easily transmitted in the troposphere region without facing any difficulties in the pathway. The space wave propagation technique is quite useful for communication in a direct way from the transmitter end to the receiver end. The frequency range of the space wave propagation is 30-300 MHz. Different types of space waves like electromagnetic waves and radio waves are discussed.