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Though for some, forest might just be a land with many trees, but forest is a plethora of surprises. With plethora of flora and fauna, forest offer various climate types around the globe:
The 3 main types of forests are:
Temperate, tropical and boreal, these 3 categories have subcategories within them.
On the basis of the regions of the globe, the forests are divided in the northern and southern hemispheres into equatorial regions, temperate regions, and Polar Regions.
The various types of forests on the basis of climate and natural region are:
Tropical Evergreen Forests:
These are the forests around the equator of the earth, which lie approximately 30 degrees north and south of the equator. One of the mesmerizing characteristic features of this forest is the formation of canopies.
The trees in the forest are the rainforest trees, which are giant trees, with strong trunks. These trees are extremely tall; their bushes spread and form canopies, which stop the majority of sunlight from passing through them.
These forests are always green, because trees shed their leaves alternatively, which keeps overall forest green. We also find creepers running around these trunks. This forest also offers a huge variety of fauna.
Hardwood trees such as rosewood, ebony and mahogany are found here. Such forests are found in Asia, Australia, Africa, South America, and Central America, Mexico and on many of the Pacific Islands. The average rainfall is above 200 cm.
Tropical deciduous forests:
These forests are characterized by seasonal shedding of leaves in the dry season and greenery at other times of the year. Trees do this to conserve their water in the shallow soil during the dry season. The rain pattern in this forest is around 100-200 cm every year. Forest is characterized by Trees like salwood, teak, neem and rosewood. Animals like tiger, lion, elephant, langur and monkey live in these forests. These forests are found in parts of India, Srilanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Guiana, etc.
Temperate evergreen forest:
This forest is grown in the temperate region of the globe which lies in 30 degrees to 60 degrees north and south of the equator. The temperate evergreen forest is characterized by less dense trees when compared to tropical forests, these are filled with evergreen and laurel trees, and the climate is quite equal. It grows in a moderate temperature range with rainfall distribution throughout the year.
These are found in the United States, Canada, and Asian countries, etc.
Temperate deciduous forest:
This forest is grown in the temperate region of the globe which lies in 30 degrees to 60 degrees north and south of the equator. They are characterized by trees which shed their leaves during the dry season, to save water, these have rainfall in certain seasons of the year, in which trees are green. They are found in between tropical and polar regions of earth, which are mid latitude regions in parts of the United States, parts of China and parts of Japan.
Mediterranean forests:
These forests are characterized by dry and hot summers. These forests are found in the Mediterranean regions, as the name suggests. These are repeatedly used for grazing by cattle, excessive tree logging and forest fires.
These are comparatively dry with less density, but are home to a variety of fauna like lions, and African species, etc. These forests are found in the Mediterranean basin, parts of Africa, Australia, and Chile commonly.
Coniferous trees:
The name of the forest is derived from soft and tall trees which are called conifers. These are characteristic trees, which have cones, and have needle-like ending leaves; these are found in the region of prolonged winters and moderate precipitation. They have pointed needle-like adaptations for the snow on them to slide off the tree. These regions are the cold regions of earth like tundra, etc
CONCLUSION :
These forest offer special characteristics and make our mother earth beautiful, features like greenery throughout the year, or the pointed needle like leaves, or trees shedding the leaves during the dry seasons, these adaptations were the result of the evolution of the flora and fauna found in these regions, though thousand such characteristics can be drawn about these different types of forests.
