EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES-EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES

The violent shaking and movement of the ground due to the imbalance and movement of the earth’s crust’s tectonic plates or volcanoes occurring are called earthquakes. The rocks of the earth along the cysts are slipping and as a result of that, there occurs a trembling imbalance and movement of the ground. This calamity is totally an effect of the earth’s crustal phenomenon. On the contrary, volcanoes are the eruption of molten materials out of the earth’s crust. This generally occurs from the pipe or vent which is connected with the crust of the earth. The chamber is known to be a magma chamber, where the molten materials stay. When the molten materials erupt from the earth’s crust and reach the surface of the earth, it is known to be called lava. The temperature of this lava is usually 800 degrees Celsius to 13000 degrees Celsius. 

Types of Earthquakes

There are generally four different kinds of earthquakes such as tectonic earthquakes, volcanic earthquakes, explosions, and collapse earthquakes. It is totally dependent upon the type of region, by which the occurrence of the earthquake will be there. In addition to this, the geological makeup of that particular region is also an important factor for the occurrence of earthquakes. 

• • Tectonic earthquakes- This kind of earthquake occurs due to the breaking of rocks in the earth’s crust. The breaking of the rocks occurs due to the geological forces which are created by the movement of the tectonic plates. 

• Volcanic Earthquakes- These kinds of earthquakes occur due to concurrence with volcanic activity. 

• Collapse earthquakes- The earthquakes which occur in underground caverns and mines. These kinds of earthquakes are generally small earthquakes. 

• Explosion- When there are explosions of chemical and nuclear devices, there occurs an earthquake. Rocks are offset on either side of the fault. Therefore, GPS can be used to measure the movement of the tectonic movements. 

Effects Of earthquakes

Earthquakes cause great danger to the environment. It also causes damage and destruction, in addition to this, many other natural calamities occur due to the occurrence of earthquakes. The most common effects of earthquakes include- 

• • Structural failure and ground shaking- This includes ground vibration which causes damage to the surface of the earth. 
  • Ground displacement and surface rupture- This is caused by the horizontal or vertical movement on the ruptures faults on either side. This kind of effect is one of the primary effects of earthquakes.
  • Liquefaction- This causes loose soil into liquid-formed soil. This as a result causes buildings to collapse and lose their balance. 

• Landslides- This causes falling debris and rocks which can collide with the people and living beings staying there. The occurrence of landslides is generally in areas of water-soaked soils. 

• Fires- When there is an occurrence of earthquakes, the electrical and gas lines are dislodged. Therefore, it is one of the second hazards that is caused due to the occurrence of earthquakes. 

• Tsunamis- When the occurrence of an earthquake is there in the sea, and then tsunamis occur. Tsunamis are generally called sea earthquakes. 

Types of Volcanoes

Volcanoes are classified based on two factors. They are- based on frequency and style of eruption. 

Based on eruption-

• Fissure eruption
• explosive eruption

Based on Frequency-

• Dormant Volcano
• Active Volcano
• Extinct Volcano

Effects Of volcanoes

 The primary effects of volcanoes include-

• Rain
• Thunder
• Lightning
• Fast-moving lava can lead to killing people.
• Falling ashes due to the volcano can cause breathing problems to people. 
• Flood
• Mudslides
• Power outages
• Contamination of drinking water
• Wildfires

Conclusion

From the above discussion, it can be concluded that the occurrence of earthquakes and volcanoes are due to the earth’s crustal phenomena. The primary reason for the occurrence of earthquakes is tectonic plate movement. On the other hand, the occurrence of the volcano is due to the eruption of the molten magma that occurs out of the vent or pipe in the earth’s surface. Both natural calamities have huge impacts on the environment as well as on the life of people. The effects of earthquakes are huge and destructive. Therefore, proper awareness regarding earthquake safety is required to keep oneself safe. In addition to this, the safety of earthquakes can be ensured by building structures safely by keeping in mind the destruction that can occur. Earthquakes and volcanoes have different types of categories. Each category has a different kind of result for the environment.