Atmosphere and its Composition

The gaseous blanket that envelops the globe is referred to as the atmosphere. Life on Earth is possible because of the atmosphere. Additionally, it protects human bodies from damaging harmful (UV) rays from the sun, heats the planet’s surface by around 33°C (59°F) through the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and mainly avoids dramatic temperature changes between day and night. 

Various types of gases may be found in Earth’s atmosphere

The most frequent elements are nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2), with a relative abundance of around 78 percent and 21 percent, respectively, in dry air (O2). Many additional gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), argon, and many more, make up or less 1percent of a total of something like the atmosphere’s gas mixture. Water vapor is also present in the atmosphere. In general, there is around one percent water vapor in the air. In addition, the air contains a large number of microscopic particles, including solids and liquids. Aerosols, which comprise dust, pollen, spores, and salty from sea spray, as well as volcanic ash, smog, and a variety of irritants, make up the bulk of such particulates.

Atmospheric Layers of the Earth

As one rises beyond the Earth’s surface, the atmosphere becomes thinner (less thick and less pressurised). It eventually dissolves into the void of space. To put it another way, there’s not a single point at the top of the atmosphere. To a large extent, such a range of heights may be regarded as the barrier among air and space at elevations around Hundred to 120 km (62-75 miles). But there are remnants such as gases thousands of kilometres beyond Earth’s crust that may be detected with the aid of instruments.

Atmospheric layers and regions may be found throughout the planet’s atmosphere. Temperature changes, humidity, and other occurrences are unique to each. The troposphere, the bottom layer of the atmosphere, is where the vast majority of storms are located and where much of the precipitation takes place. The stratosphere, above the air currents and the ozone, is where some modern jets travel. Due to the lack of air molecules in the mesosphere, temperatures drop to their lowest point. Light refracts off of very few molecules in the mesosphere, therefore the sky goes from blue to black. The troposphere, the highest stratosphere, and the farthest away from the Ground atmosphere are responsible for absorbing most of the sun’s damaging radiation before it reaches us. The exosphere marks the point at which the Planet’s surface gives way to deep space.

• Troposphere. Tropospheric height varies with latitude and longitude, with the poles and equator having the lowest and the highest values. Even though it is just a few inches deep, this layer is responsible for retaining together all oxygen plants and animals require for photosynthesis.
• Stratosphere. A layer of ozone that shields humans from the Sun’s damaging ultraviolet radiation are housed in the stratosphere, which is located between 12 and 50 kilometres (7.5 and 31 miles) just above Earth’s surface. The higher you travel further into stratospheric, the warmer the conditions get due to the obvious UV rays.
• Mesosphere. The mesosphere is located between 50 and 80 kilometres above the Earth’s surface and grows colder with height. With just an average temp of around – 85 degrees Celsius, this stratum is the lowest in the Terrestrial ecosystem.
• Thermosphere. The thermosphere, which lies between the Earth’s surface and a height of roughly 80 kilometres (50 miles), is home to the ionosphere. Because of the very low molecular density in this level, levels increase as one ascends higher in the atmosphere.
• Exosphere. The outer atmosphere is the uppermost layer of Earth’s atmosphere, rising between 440 and 6,200 miles just above the planet’s surface, where it combines with solar radiation. This layer doesn’t act like gas because the molecules here have a very low density, allowing them to escape into space.
• The End of the Universe. The Karman line, a 100-kilometer (62-mile) distance above Earth’s surface, is often used to mark the border between Earth’s atmosphere and outer space, as 99.99997 percent of Earth’s atmosphere resides below this point.

Conclusion

Although our planet’s atmosphere has altered dramatically throughout its almost four-billion-year history, no change has been faster than human activity’s increase of carbon emissions and ozone layer loss. For the last several million years, the atmosphere and oceans composition has remained largely steady while people and almost all of our fellow creatures evolved.