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WHO
Aspect | Hepatitis A | Hepatitis B | Hepatitis C |
Transmission | Fecal-oral route | Blood, semen, other body fluids | Blood-to-blood contact |
Treatment | No specific treatment, often resolves on its own | Antiviral medications, sometimes interferon | Antiviral medications, sometimes interferon |
Vaccination | Available and effective | Available and effective | No vaccine available |
Chronic Infection | Not chronic | Can lead to chronic infection, cirrhosis, liver cancer | Can lead to chronic infection, cirrhosis, liver cancer |
Symptoms | Flu-like symptoms, jaundice | Often asymptomatic, but can include jaundice, fatigue, nausea | Often asymptomatic initially, can lead to liver damage |
Prevention | Hygiene practices, vaccination | Safe sex, avoiding sharing needles or personal items, vaccination | Safe sex, avoiding sharing needles or personal items |
WHO Report Data:
- Over 50,000 new hepatitis B cases, 1.4 lakh hepatitis C cases, and 1.23 lakh deaths from these infections were reported in 2022 in India.
- Viral hepatitis is a global health issue, with approximately 1.3 million deaths annually, on par with tuberculosis.
Immunization on Hepatitis:
- The Hepatitis B vaccine is included in India’s Universal Immunization Programme.
- Treatment for hepatitis B and C is available, with a push towards treating all diagnosed cases similarly to HIV management.
Why in News:
- WHO has highlighted that India faces a significant challenge with viral hepatitis.
