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The practice of granting Central Assistance to States to support development initiatives was popular even before the introduction of India’s Five-Year Plans. Following World War II, the Central Government and Provincial Governments began development initiatives that were funded by Central Assistance in the form of post-war development grants. Some of these awards were phased out by 1950–51, while others, such as Grow More Food, were extended. Because the precise division of financial responsibilities had not been determined by the time of the First Five Year Plan, several initiatives that should have been allocated to the State sector were instead allocated to the Central sector.
A majority of the initiatives that were financed centrally and executed by the States outside of the State Plan were transferred to the States and included in the State Plans with the start of the Second Five Year Plan. The second plan necessitated a major shift of resources from the Centre to the States, as the combined resources of all the States were expected to be 60 percent short of the demand. The Third Five-Year Plan had a similar situation.
Thus, in the first three Plans, Central Assistance to States was determined based on needs, problems, previous progress, development lags, contribution to achievement of major national targets, potential for growth and contribution of resources by States to their development programmes, population, area, level of income, and so on. The amount of Central Assistance was determined based on the resources available to each particular state.
Many social initiatives have been launched by the Modi government, including Beti Bachao-Beti Padhao, Swachh Bharat Mission, PM Mudra Yojna, Atal Pension Yojna, Smart City Scheme, and Make in India. Because the central government is a welfare state, its social welfare programmes are designed to benefit the broader people. There are three types of central government schemes. “Core of Core Schemes,” “Core Schemes,” and Major Central Sector Schemes are the three categories. There are six ‘Core of Core Schemes’ and twenty-eight ‘Core Sector Schemes’ in the list.
1. PMJDY
The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) is one of the world’s largest financial inclusion programmes. Banking/Savings & Deposit Accounts, Remittance, Credit, Insurance, and Pension in an inexpensive manner are examples of financial services. Prime Minister Narendra Modi made the announcement from the Red Fort’s ramparts on August 15, 2014.The programme debuted on August 28th. PM Narendra Modi hailed it as a holiday to commemorate the poor’s escape from the cycle of poverty. Sukhasya Moolam Dharma, Dharmasya Moolam Arthah, Arthasya Moolam Rajyam, he had referenced to the old Sanskrit poem. People will be involved in economic activities as a result of it.
2- Make in India
Make in India is a Swadeshi movement that covers 25 areas of the economy and encourages people to “Be Indian and Made in India.” The Government of India unveiled this strategy on September 25, 2014, to encourage enterprises to manufacture their products in India. This plan’s main goal is to turn India into a global manufacturing hub.The Indian government has permitted 100 percent International Direct Investment (FDI) in critical areas of the economy in order to attract foreign firms.
3- Swachh Bharat Mission
The Indian government started the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, or Clean India Mission, in 2014 to eliminate open defecation and improve solid waste management across the country. It’s a reformed version of the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan, which was launched in 2009 but fell short of its goals. The Swachh Bharat Mission’s first phase lasted through October 2019.To assist consolidate the work of Phase 1, Phase 2 is being implemented between 2020–21 and 2024–25.The campaign, launched by the Indian government, sought to make India “open-defecation free” (ODF) by October 2, 2019, the 150th anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi’s birth, by constructing toilets. During this time, approximately 89.9 million toilets were built. The initial part of the project also includes eradicating manual scavenging, raising awareness and changing behaviours on sanitary measures, and increasing local capacity. The mission’s second phase seeks to maintain open defecation-free status and enhance solid and liquid waste management while also aiming to improve sanitation employees’ lifestyles.
4- Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana
Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana is a rural development initiative that focuses on village development in general, including social development, cultural development, and spreading inspiration among the people for local community social mobilisation. On the 11th of October 2014, Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi started the programme in honour of Jayaprakash Narayan’s birthday.
This Yojana is unique in that it is
(a) demand-driven
(b) societally inspired
(c) based on people’s engagement
5- Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao
The government of India has launched a programme called Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao (translation: Save the girl child, educate the girl kid). It primarily targets Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Punjab, Bihar, and Delhi clusters. In India, the child-to-parent ratio has been steadily decreasing. The child sex ratio in India was 919 females aged 0 to 6 years old according to the 2011 population census. Narendra Modi appealed to the people to help stop sexism against girls in India during the 2014 International Day of the Girl Child. PM Narendra Modi announced the Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao (BBBP) initiative on January 22, 2015. It is a nationwide project led by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, and the Ministry of Education to address the issue of the deteriorating child sex ratio image (CSR). It began by focusing on multi-sector activity in 100 districts around the country with poor CSR. Sakshi Malik, a bronze medalist in the 2016 Olympics, was named a brand ambassador for BBBP on August 26, 2016.
Conclusion:
The central government of India has launched many schemes under PM Modi which are quite beneficial for the upcoming future of our country and proves to be a platform for uplifting Indian societal status.
