Profile
Settings
Refer your friends
Sign out
Homeostasis is any self-regulating process by which an organism tends to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are best for its survival. If homeostasis is successful, life continues; if it’s unsuccessful, it results in a disaster or death of the organism. An example of homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant blood pressure in the human body through a series of fine adjustments in the normal range of function of the hormonal, neuromuscular, and cardiovascular systems. The purpose of homeostasis is to maintain a normal balance within the body regarding its temperature, salt concentration, water concentration, and food intake. The human body functions normally with a narrow range of variation for each of these factors.
1. The liver’s functions are required for
(a) thermoregulation
(b) osmoregulation.
(c)homeostasis
(d) each and every one of them
Answer: c
Explanation:
Option d is correct because the liver is responsible for maintaining the balance of ions and their concentrations within our bodies. As a result, it is required for homeostasis, thermoregulation, and osmoregulation.
2. During the catabolism of amino acids, the amino group is released.
(a) deamination
(b) hydrolysis
(c) hydration
(d) ammunition
Answer: a
Explanation:
Option a is correct because the amino group is removed during the breakdown of amino acids, usually through a reaction known as deamination.
3. The only treatment for uremia is dialysis.
(a) dialysis
(b) lithotripsy
(c) lung transplantation
(d) transplantation
Answer: d
Explanation:
Option d is correct because renal replacement therapy is the most effective treatment for uremia.
4. This type of nephron is the most efficient at conserving body water.
(a) Nephrons in the juxtamedullary region
(b)Cortical nephrons
(c) both (a) and (b) are true
(d)serotinal nephrons
Answer: a
Explanation: The juxtamedullary nephron’s primary job is to concentrate or dilute urine. More water absorption by the vasa recta may result in more concentrated urine, whilst less water reabsorption may result in diluted urine.
5. Which of the following is responsible for concentrated urine production?
(a) proximal tubule
(b) Cortical nephrons
(c) distal tubule
(d) juxtamedullary nephron
Answer: d
The production of concentrated urine is controlled by the juxtamedullary nephron.
6. Even in the presence of ADH, which nephron segment is not permeable to water?
(a) Collecting duct
(b) the Henle loop’s descending limb
(c) ascending limb of Henle’s loop
(d) a combination of (b) and (c) (c)
Answer: c
Explanation: Option c is correct because the ascending limb of the henle loop is water impermeable.
7. The process of leaves falling, which assists the plant in getting rid of accumulated wastes, is referred to as
(a) ebony
(b) make a sacrifice
(c) excretophore
(d) excretophore
(d) Assistant
Answer: c
Explanation: Option c is correct because an excretophore is a plant cell that aids in the diffusion of waste matter from the body.
8. The action of an enzyme promotes active sodium uptake. This enzyme’s name is:
(a) an increase in adrenaline
(b) aldosterone
(c) aldosterone
(d) antidiuretic
Answer: b
Explanation:
Aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption from the filtrate into the circulation by regulating the expression and activity of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). As a result, option b is correct.
10. Dogs’ respiratory tracts have specialized evaporative cooling.
(a) woofing
(b) panting
(c) licking
(d) sighing
Answer: b
In dogs exposed to heat and/or exercise, panting is the primary method of evaporative cooling.
11. Which claim about homeostasis is false.
(a) As a result, the internal environment’s fluctuations are extremely limited in comparison to those of the external environment.
(b) Homeostatic activities are regulated by a specific control system.
(c) Despite large changes in the external environment, homeostatic mechanisms maintain a constant internal environment.
(d) all the preceding
Answer: c
Explanation:
Despite large changes in the external environment, homeostatic mechanisms keep the internal environment stable. As a result, internal environment fluctuations are extremely limited in comparison to external environment fluctuations.
12. Homeostasis is best described by which of the following statements?
(a) Maintaining a stable and unaltered state of the body.
(b) Stable equilibrium
(c) Keeping the internal environment near-constant.
(d) Changing the external environment to meet the body’s requirements.
Answer: a
Explanation: The process through which the body maintains a nearly consistent internal environment is known as homeostasis. This is not the same as keeping the body in a constant and unchanged state; for example, when we exercise, our heart rate must rise. Homeostasis exists in all living creatures, whether unicellular or multicellular.
13. Which of the following characteristics of a system is most likely to result in a stable homeostatic system?
(a) Unfavourable feedback
(b) Positive Reaction
(c) Redundancy is a term that refers to a situation in which
(d) Complicatedness
Answer: a
Explanation:
Negative feedback is common in homeostatic mechanisms and aids in the maintenance of stable systems. Although homeostatic systems are frequently complex and redundant, positive feedback is uncommon because it tends to produce unstable systems.
14. Which of the following drug classes is not expected to lower blood pressure?
(a) Agonists of the -adrenoceptor
(b) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
(c) Antagonists of angiotensin II
(d) Anti-aldosterone drugs
Answer: a
Explanation:
Blood pressure is reduced by -adrenoceptor antagonists. -adrenoceptor agonists are thought to raise blood pressure.
15. Which of the following hypertension statements is false?
(a) Hypertension is a medical term that refers to high blood pressure.
(b) Headaches and dizziness are common symptoms of high blood pressure.
(c) Lifestyle changes can help manage hypertension in some cases.
(d) Hypertension raises the chances of a heart attack or stroke.
Answer: d
Explanation:
High blood pressure (hypertension) raises the risk of heart attacks and strokes. However, because hypertension is usually symptomless, many people are unaware that they have it.
16. Which of the following statements about glucose is incorrect?
(a) Glucose is a sugar that is made up of monosaccharides.
(b) Both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism can metabolise glucose.
(c) A normal blood glucose level is between 4 and 7 mmol/l.
(d) Hypoglycemia refers to a high blood glucose level.
Answer: d
Hypoglycaemia is the medical term for a low blood glucose level. Hyperglycaemia is the medical term for a high blood glucose level.
17. Which of the following strategies will not help you return to a normal body temperature if you have a high body temperature?
(a) Thermogenesis without shivering
(b) Excessive sweating
(c) Skin hair flattening
(d) Blood flow redistribution to the periphery
Answer: a
Explanation:
Thermogenesis without shivering is a technique for raising body temperature without shivering. All the other methods listed lower body temperature.
18. In calcium homeostasis, which of the following hormones is not important?
(a) Calcitonin
(b) Thyroid hormone
(c) Cholecalciferol 1,25-dihydroxy
(d) Glucagon
Answer: d
19. In terms of calcium homeostasis, which of the following statements is false?
(a) The extracellular calcium concentration in the parathyroid is measured.
(b) Osteoclast inhibition aids in the normalisation of high extracellular calcium concentrations.
(c) The effects of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone on extracellular calcium concentration are diametrically opposed.
(d) The effects of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and parathyroid hormone on extracellular calcium concentration are antagonistic.
Answer : d
Explanation:
Both parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol work to raise extracellular calcium levels. Calcitonin reduces extracellular calcium concentrations by inhibiting osteoclast activity.
20. In terms of glycogenolysis, which of the following statements is false?
(a) Glycogenolysis is the process by which glucose is released into the bloodstream.
(b) Glycogenolysis aids in the correction of hypoglycemia
(c) Glycogenolysis is the process of converting monosaccharides into carbohydrates.
(d) Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis.
Answer: c
Explanation:
Glycogenolysis is the process of converting glycogen into glucose molecules, which helps to raise blood sugar levels.
