Sayyid Dynasty

The Sayyid Dynasty is one of the five Islamic dynasties. The fourth dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate was the Sayyid Dynasty. It was founded by succeeding the Tughlaq Dynasty. This article will further detail the ruler and founder of the Sayyid Dynasty. A total of four rulers ruled from 1414 to 1451, i.e., for about 37 years. It was founded by Khizr Khan Sayyid and ruled by three more kings. The last ruler of this Dynasty was Alauddin Alam Shah. The Lodi Dynasty succeeded this dynasty.

Founder of Sayyid Dynasty:

• KHIZR KHAN (1414- 1421 A.D.)

Khizr Khan, a governor of Multan, was the founder of the Sayyid Dynasty. He did not own any royal title. In 1414 A.D, when Timur invaded India, Khizr marched against the Daulat Khan Lodi and took possession of Delhi. Although he ruled over Delhi, he never used the title of Sultan. He used to rule in the names of Timur using the titles of Rayat-i-Ala and Masnad-i-Aali. The parts of Surat, Punjab, and Dilapur were brought under his rule. Malik-us-Sharq Tuhfa was appointed as the Wazir until 1421. Under the rule of Khizr, the parts of Bengal, Deccan, Gujarat, Jaunpur, Khandesh, and Malwa are lost. His names were never inscribed on the coins of the period. He was succeeded by Mubarak Shah, his son, when he died in 1421.

Other rulers of the Sayyid Dynasty:

•  MUBARAK SHAH (1421-1434 A.D.)

Mubarak Shah was the son of Khizr Khan. He started his rule after his father’s death in 1421 A.D. Shah did not accept the suzerainty of any foreign power. He used to refer to himself as Muizz-ud-Din Mubarak Shah. On his coins also mentioned this name. He built the “Mubarakbad” City on the banks of the river Jamuna. He appointed Hindu nobles in the Delhi court. He mostly dealt with the local dynasties and never tried to recover the lost territories. After his murder in 1434, he was succeeded by Muhammad Shah, his nephew.

• MUHAMMAD SHAH (1434-1445 A.D.)

Muhammad Shah was the nephew of Mubarak Shah. He started his rule in 1434 A.D. With the help of Sarwar ul Mulk, Shah captured the throne. He was the third ruler of the Sayyid Dynasty. During his rule, many rebellions and conspiracies are witnessed. The Governor of Lahore Bahlul Lodi helped him defeat the ruler of Malwa, for which Lodi was given the title of Khan-i-Khanan. After he died in 1445, he was succeeded by his son Alauddin Alam Shah.

Last ruler of Sayyid Dynasty:

• ALAUDDIN ALAM SHAH (1445-1457 A.D.)

Alauddin Alam Shah was the son of Muhammad Shah. He was the last ruler of the Sayyid Dynasty. He was a very incompetent ruler. His regnal name was Alam Shah which meant “world king .” He was the 28th Sultan of Delhi. Bahlol Lodi, with the help of Wazir Khan, defeated him and started the Lodi Dynasty in 1457 A.D. After that, he was sent to Badaun, where he died in 1478 A.D.

Sayyid Dynasty Architecture:

• There were many changes in architecture during the Sayyid Dynasty.
• Earlier, horseshoe architecture used is now changed to true architecture. 
• This idea is taken from Persia.
• Wooden beams were used as supports for this new type of architecture.
• Octagonal tombs were made for rulers, and square tombs were for nobles.
• The tombs were eight-sided.
• Tombs were built of octagonal shapes. Some examples of these types of tombs are – 

                     Mubarak Shah’s tomb – This tomb has a pyramidal effect. It is an octagonal tomb with a massive dome. It had a red stone at the very top of it.

                     Muhammad Shah’s tomb: It was built in 1444 A.D. It is near the southwest corner of Lodi Garden. It is a building with eight sides.

CONCLUSION:

The Sayyid Dynasty is one of the most significant Islamic dynasties our country has witnessed. The history of this empire is not very vast, but it deserves due attention from readers. All the works of art, architecture, economics, and administration are praiseworthy. This topic is a crucial part of our Indian history and should be preserved and spread through generations. It was all about the founder of the Sayyid dynasty, the last ruler of the Sayyid dynasty, and sayyid dynasty architecture. I hope you will understand all these topics after reading this article.