Physical and Chemical Properties of Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. The sun and all the other stars in the universe are mainly composed of hydrogen. As per research, 90% of the stars present in the universe are all made up of hydrogen. The composition of hydrogen is in majority compared to any other compounds. Also, on earth, water is an abundant compound made of hydrogen. Hydrogen is an essential part of many substances including alcohols, oils, acids, cellulose, starch, sugar and so on.

The element consists of a diatomic value H2 and is nonpoisonous, tearless and odourless gas at ordinary temperature. The majority of the presence of hydrogen on earth is in molecular forms like organic compounds or water as the H2 gas forms covalent compounds with the majority of the nonmetallic elements readily.

Physical Properties of Hydrogen.

• Hydrogen has the lowest density of all the gases present. It is the gas that owns no colour and odour. The gas is known as the clean fuel of the future which is generated by water and gets converted to water when oxidised.  It is present in all the molecules of the living things and is also present in water. The gas, at all times, remains bonded with the atoms of carbon and oxygen. Hydrogen gas is the most abundant element in the universe.
• The gas is present in the atmosphere in the volume of one part per million. . The gas is safe to produce from different sources and is known as the future fuel of transportation instead of petroleum.
• The gas stores energy that is created somewhere else and is hence known as the energy career. 
• For the first time in the 16th century, hydrogen gas was produced artificially. In Greek, the meaning of hydrogen is, ‘water-former’. 
• Differentiated by the relative spin of their nuclei, the hydrogen gas is present in two non-similar spin isomers of molecules of hydrogen diatomic. 
• The gas consists of 75% of orthohydrogen and the rest of the 25 percent of parahydrogen at the standard temperature and pressure.
• Slush hydrogen, liquid hydrogen and gaseous hydrogen are the three different forms of hydrogen gas.
• The hydrogen gas consists of a proton and an electron.
• Hydrogen gas has a boiling point of -252.8 degrees Celsius and a boiling point of -259.14 degrees Celsius. 
• H is the symbol of the hydrogen element and its atomic number is 1.
• As hydrogen consists of a single electron and proton it is the smallest element present.
• The density of hydrogen is 0.08988g/L. It is much lighter than air. Thus the element is the lightest of all the elements present in the periodic table.

Chemical Properties of Hydrogen.

• Hydrogen gas burns in between the percentage of 4 and 75 per cent and thus are highly flammable.
• -286kJ/mol is the enthalpy of combustion for the H2 (hydrogen).
• When in a mixture of chlorine, hydrogen gas can explode.
• The mixture of chlorine and hydrogen gas can explode when exposed to sunlight, heat or even spark.
• 500 degrees Celsius is the combustion occurring temperature of the H2 gas also known as the autoignition temperature of the hydrogen.
• Ultraviolet rays that are invisible to the naked eye are emitted by the pure hydrogen-oxygen flames.
• The element of hydrogen, despite its stability, forms compounds with most of the elements.
• Hydrides are those compounds that have hydrogen bonding with metalloids and metals.
• Upon oxidation, hydrogen extracts its electron and emits the H+ ion.

Uses of Hydrogen:

• Hydrogen is significantly used in the synthesis of ammonia.
• To extract fat, a huge amount of H2 is consumed during the catalytic hydrogenation.
• As rocket propellant by nuclear form energy the hydrogen also gets consumed as rocket fuel when it is combined with oxygen.
• In internal combustion engines, the hydrogen is burnt in the form of fuel.
• Further used in the production of nitric acid and nitrogenous fertilisers, the synthesis of ammonia is done by the usage of hydrogen.
• H2 is used in the preparation of a useful chemical, hydrogen chloride.

Conclusion:

Hydrogen is the most abundant metal in the universe. The gas has various methods of formation. Also, hydrogen gas has immense benefits in various fields. Also, owing to its stability, it can form a bond with most of the elements present in the periodic table. The various physical properties of hydrogen as well as chemical properties of hydrogen have been thoroughly discussed.