Introduction of Mixtures

The mixture is the material with two or more non identical chemical substances which are not chemically bonded and remain the same without losing their own characteristics. 

In particular, a Colloidal solution like syrup has some solid particles which remain the same as the liquid. Mixtures can be of Colloidal solution, suspensions have mixtures in them. There are two types of mixtures Homogeneous mixtures, heterogeneous mixtures. 

Common and Daily life examples:

Air is a mixture of various gases. 

Explanation: Air is a homogenous mixture of various gases like Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, Nitrogen, etc.

Blood has various things which can be separable from plasma by following various medical methods. 

Properties of mixture:

1) The substances/elements in the mixture are separable when tried with some proper methods of separation

2) The properties of the components remain the same and can be identified easily. 

Homogenous mixture:

A homogenous mixture is a mixture in which components are mixed with the same consistency and are mixed in the same state. 

Properties of Homogeneous mixture:

1) Homogenous mixtures are separable only by losing some quantity

2) These components are not visible to the naked eye

Examples: Salt in water is an example of a Homogenous mixture. 

We can separate the salt from the water by the Evaporation method. 

Methods to separate Homogeneous mixture:

Evaporation: Evaporation is the method used to separate the homogenous mixtures. This is used to convert the liquid state to a gaseous state. 

For example, separating the salt from the salt solution. Heat or dry in the sun for salt separation. The result is that the salt remained at the bottom of the bowl. 

Distillation: Distillation is the process of separating the components of a Homogenous mixture. This is the method adopted for the fluids. This separable method depends on the boiling points of the liquids, volatility of the respected fluids, concentrations. The volatilization process is followed for the distillation method.

Process:

The Entire solution is heated until it produces vapour and again the homogenous mixture is again condensed to the liquid with higher volatility. Here the evaporation and condensation process occurs at the same time. 

This is mostly adopted for the medical herbs separation. Homogenous mixtures with some Colloidal type can be separated by chromatography.

Chromatography:

This method is adopted for the liquids which are consistent throughout. For example, let us take an example of ink where the mixture is evenly distributed with the almost same consistency. 

Paper chromatography is adopted nowadays.

Sublimation:

Sublimation is a method of transforming the solid directly to the gaseous state. This method is adopted for the separation of camphor and salt.

Heterogeneous mixtures:

A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that contains nonuniform elements in it. They may differ in the states. 

For example the sand in the water. 

Methods used for the Heterogeneous Mixtures

Hand-picking: Handpicking is the method adopted for the Heterogeneous mixture separation if the substances differ in uniformity. For example, a mixture with sand and pebbles. 

Sieving: Sieving is a method used to separate the two Mixtures, with different complexity. Some sort of Filter is used. Sieves are used

Filtering:

Filtering is adopted  for  Heterogeneous types of Mixtures where one type is liquid and the other type is solid

Example: Filtering a coffee.

Magnetic separation:

It is followed if the mixture contains the magnetically attracted materials in it. That is if the Heterogeneous mixture has iron in it it is attracted by the magnet first and non attracted material remains.

Winnowing:

Winnowing is the blow of air then the materials which have the high density remains and the lightweight materials are winnowed.

Crystallisation:

Crystallisation is the process of organising the molecules or elements in the solid structure. Many methods come under crystallisation; they are freezing solidifying and deposition. 

Freezing :

By freezing we can separate the mixtures because many of the liquids freeze at a particular point. Hence we can separate either homogeneous or heterogeneous mixtures by using freezing. 

Solidification:

Solidification is the process of converting liquid to solid. 

Centrifugation:

Centrifugation is the process of using the centrifugation force for the separation of two types of substances with different volatility.

Examples: Butter separation from the buttermilk. It is a  daily life example where we apply the centrifugal force to obtain the result

Difference between Mixtures and Compounds:

Conclusion:

The Mixtures can be of any state. We must note that these differences make them much different from compounds. Usually, there is also a bit of confusion on solutions as well as colloids, the solutions are a mixture of solvent and solute. whereas the colloids are the solutions that have particles that cannot be separated from the solution. Both Homogeneous and heterogeneous Mixtures are separated by using the various methods available. In an overview, Compounds are far different from Mixtures.