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CA Foundation Exam June 2023 » CA Foundation Study Material » Business Mathematics » Linear equations
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Linear equations

Linear equations explain a connection between two variables that enables an individual to decide about unfamiliar extents from a familiar one.

Table of Content
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What is a linear equation?

A linear equation is critically significant in business decision-making, creating the incorrect decision associated with the manufacturing of passing. Its revenue cost goes up to millions of dollars. Business involves such exploratory techniques to gather and explore data allowing them to build potential decisions. In such a case, this type of equation is prognostic. It further allows a business or even project to alternate in a certain amount depending on transformation in others. A linear equation is quite relatable to compare with many equations. It constructs two varieties of expressions with equality to one another.

On the other hand, linear equations distinguish from the rest of the equations in some respects. There are no variables with higher power than one in a linear equation. It is instead a straight-line equation used for vital assets. In addition, two variables in linear equation spots on graphs propagate a straight line.

The early history of linear equations

The word algebra is derived from al-Jabar, a technical term used to describe the method conjointly equal quantities to both sides of the equation to merely it. Both linear equations and some fundamental concepts related to algebra have a lingering history expanding long years back. All those ancient people of Mesopotamia, Greek, India, China and Egypt, developed different mathematical techniques serving as an early base for advanced algebra. The primary features are as follows: 

  • It resolves an unknown quantity that distinguishes them from a simple mathematical equation
  • Receiving a numerical approach instead of a simple geometric approach
  • Articulation of ordinary rules or even methods to working with numerical

Applications of Linear Equations: 

After understanding the linear equation definition, the following are the application areas described broadly. A linear equation is used to elaborate linear cost performance, linear revenue, profit, and even linear supply and demand functions. 

Linear cost function

Production cost refers to the overall financial expenditure made for producing a level of output. There are two main classifications within cost production, including fixed and variable costs. A fixed cost refers to all the independent costs associated with the production level. It includes the elements of the overall expenses unable to change according to the amount of init produced. The fixed cost starts at zero units in production. It exists even when there is no production. Rent cost, depreciation machinery and plants, and even insurance costs are fixed prices.

On the other hand, a variable cost is the sum of the entire cost. It is mainly the elements of the whole costs varying as the number of changes in production. It further depends on such a level of production. Material, fuel, and labour costs are examples of variable costs. In this way, the equation of total cost functions lie in: 

Total variable costs + Total Fixed Costs= Total Costs,

The equation is  

C(X) = V(X) + F(X)

Where, C(X) = Total cost

V(X) = Total Variable cost

 F(X) = Total Fixed cost.

Therefore, Total variable cost= variable cost * number of units produced.

Marginal costs, in addition, are additional costs incurred when there arises a production of an extra unit considering the slope of the linear cost function. There are two vital audacities required for conjunction with innovation and linear cost function uses. 

The constant return to measure: 

The connections between the quantity in production and sales and the earning of revenue lie in a mathematical way using the reliable equation. A particular amount making a singular assumption selling costs regarding per units keeps constant. In such a case, the selling price is variable automatically. The equation is nonlinear. It can not be explained by using the concept of a linear equation. 

R=P.Q

Where R stands for revenue, Q stands for production and sales quantity, whereas P is constant and stands for price per unit and the slope of the equation. 

Linear Differential Equation

A linear differential equation is an equation that has a variable, derivative of the same variable and a few other functions. The standard formula for the linear differential equation is:

dy/dx + Py = Q

Where the equation has variable y and its derivatives. 

And the P and Q in this equation are numeric constants or functions of x.

Example of Linear equation: 

A linear equation is a piece of sound equipment to compare the pay rates in the business. For example: suppose a company pays an individual a specific amount per week, another company offers the same amount per hour. Eventually, both companies ask the individual to work for the same time per week. But to understand the better pay rate, the linear equation can help figure out the solution. 

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