What is the Time Period

Period means the time it takes to complete one oscillation. Time period of oscillation of a wave refers to the time taken by any string element to complete one such oscillation. For example, if the pendulum is swinging then time taken in moving maximum back then moving forward and finally returning to the mean position is counted as a period of time. Time period denoted by ‘T’, whereas second (s) is the SI unit of time period. A simple pendulum is an ideal pendulum composed of a point mass (m) suspended by a weightless, inextensible, soft thread and free to vibrate without friction.

What is Period?

The term period refers to the length of time it takes to accomplish something. When an event occurs simultaneously, then the event is periodic and refers to the time for the event to repeat itself as a period. A period of time T represents the time it takes for a complete vibration cycle to pass a given point. A period of time is measured by units such as seconds, hours, days, or years. The period of orbit for the Earth around the Sun is approximately 365 days; the Earth completes a cycle in 365 days. The minute hand on a clock takes 3600 seconds to complete one cycle around the clock (60 minutes).

There is a reciprocal relationship between Period and Frequency, and these can be expressed mathematically as: Period = Total time / Cycles. Period of a wave decreases whereas the frequency of waves increases. A particle of medium completes one vibration within the time period of a wave.

Each complete oscillation is known as a period and is constant. The formula for determining the period of a pendulum is T = 2π √L/g, where L is the length of the pendulum and g is the acceleration due to gravity. Successive cycles are called periods. The period of pendulum is the time it takes the pendulum to make one full back and forth swing. 

What is the Period of Time?

A period of time during which something happens or is expected to occur. The time taken for one complete oscillation in the density of the medium is called the Time Period of the wave. Alternatively, it can refer to the time taken by two consecutive compressions or rarefactions to cross a fixed point. Time taken to complete one oscillation by the pendulum is known as time period. Time is measured in seconds.

Time period of a thing is the amount of time required for it to complete its one oscillation. Angular frequency is angular displacement of any element of the waves per unit time. The formula for time is: – T = 1/f, where T is period and f is frequency. λ= c / f, where c is wave speed (m/s) and f is frequency (Hz). The unit hertz (Hz) is known as cycles per second. Sound waves and electromagnetic waves follow the below equation. For example, when a wave with a time period of 2 seconds has a frequency. i.e., 1/2 = 0.5 Hz.

SIMPLE PENDULUM 

A simple pendulum can be defined as a device where its point mass is attached to a light inextensible string and suspended from a fixed support. Equilibrium position is subjected to a restoring force when a pendulum is displaced sideways from its resting due to its gravity that will accelerate it back toward the equilibrium position. A simple pendulum consists of a small metal ball (called bob) suspended by a long thread from a rigid support by a massless and inextensible string, such that the bob is free to swing back and forth. When the bob from its mean position is dragged to one side and then released, the pendulum is set to motion and the bob moves oppositely on either side of its mean position. And when the pendulum bob is displaced it oscillates on a plane about the vertical line through the support. Frequency of a simple pendulum depends on its length and acceleration due to gravity. The equation is- f=1/2π√g/L. Period (T) of a simple pendulum is T=2π√L/g.

A simple pendulum consists of a mass (m) hanging from a string of length (L) and fixed at a pivot point (P). When it is displaced to an initial angle and then it is released, the pendulum will swing back and forth with a periodic motion. 

CONCLUSION

Therefore, period (T) is the time taken by a complete cycle of waves to pass a point. Thus, when the period (T) of a simple pendulum is time that takes the pendulum to make one full back-and-forth swing. We can conclude that the time period of a simple pendulum is not based on the thing or material from which it is made or on its weight. Hence, period of a simple pendulum ∝ √l of pendulum and otherwise, period of a simple pendulum 1/∝ √g due to its gravity.