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Jammu & Kashmir is located in the Karakoram and westernmost Himalayan mountain ranges on the northern Indian subcontinent. Jammu and Kashmir was a princely state of the British Empire in India from 1846 until 1947, as we all know. The Maharaja signed the Instrument of Accession on October 26, 1947. Jammu and Kashmir will henceforth be a Union Territory with a legislature, rather than a state, according to a law introduced by the Government of India in the Rajya Sabha on August 5, 2019. Let us learn more about Jammu and Kashmir’s history and political events.
Political History of Jammu and Kashmir:
Gulab Singh has been dubbed as the founder of the “Dogra dynasty” and the first ruler of Jammu & Kashmir. Interaction with British India after the 1860s resulted in the region becoming a player in the geopolitical game between Russia and Britain. The topic of Kashmir’s future dominated political decisions during India’s independence, partition, and up until and after the country became a republic. At this point, the advent of Pakistan into the domestic political situation produced complications.
Some commentators argue that the Kashmir dispute is primarily a political one. Despite the political instability that the fighting has brought to the region, all of Jammu and Kashmir’s governments have been working to restore normalcy. The state has witnessed a “parallel existence of the democratic and separatist spheres of politics” as well as a transition from political hegemony to a multi-party system that began in 2002.
In August 2019, the Indian government introduced the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill, 2019 in the Rajya Sabha, proposing to repeal Article 370 of the Indian Constitution and divide Jammu and Kashmir into two Union Territories: Jammu and Kashmir with Delhi-style legislation and Ladakh with Chandigarh-style legislation. The only Indian state with its own flag was Jammu & Kashmir. The flag, however, has lost its official status after Article 370 of the Indian constitution, which guaranteed autonomy to Jammu and Kashmir, was repealed in August 2019.
Development in Politics:
- In the third century B.C., Ashoka brought Buddhism to Kashmir, which Kanishka further developed.
- Huns took control of the valley in the early sixth century.
- 530 AD – The Valley regained its independence, but was soon enslaved by the Ujjain empire.
- Lalitaditya, noted for his gorgeous architecture, ruled Bengal in the east, Konkan in the south, Turkistan in the northwest, and Tibet in the northeast, and is regarded as the most famous Hindu emperor.
- Islam arrived in Kashmir in the 13th and 14th centuries AD. When the Hindu ruler Sinha Dev fled before the Tatar invasion, Zain-ul-Abedin (1420-70) came to Kashmir.
- Chaks defeated Haider Shah, son of Zain-ul-Abedin, and ruled till Akbar invaded Kashmir in 1586.
- 1752: The Mughal emperor of the period relinquishes the authority of Kashmir to Ahmed Shah Abdali of Afghanistan. The Pathans dominated the Valley for 67 years.
- Raja Maldev, the Dogra ruler, consolidated his kingdom by conquering various provinces. From 1733 to 1782, Raja Ranjit Dev ruled over Jammu.
- Maharaja Ranjit Singh annexed the land to Punjab before handing it over to Raja Gulab Singh, a scion of the old Dogra royal line who had grown influential among Ranjit Singh’s governors and had seized nearly the whole Jammu province.
- Dogra monarchs ruled the state until 1947, when Maharaja Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession in favour of the Indian Union on October 26, 1947.
- Jammu and Kashmir will henceforth be a Union Territory with a legislature, rather than a state, according to a law introduced by Amit Shah in the Rajya Sabha.
Conclusion:
Jammu and Kashmir is administered by the Republic of India as a union territory, similar to Puducherry, within the framework of a federal parliamentary republic with a multi-party democratic form of governance. It was managed as a state-administered by India till 2019. In the form of the Kashmir conflict, regional politics reflects the historical tension and struggle that the state has been a part of. The Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir, now Manoj Sinha, is the head of state, while the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, currently vacant, is the head of government. The Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir has legislative authority. The judiciary is separate from the executive and legislative branches.
