Chhattisgarh Geography

Chhattisgarh is situated in the central region of India with an area of 135192 square kilometres. Its neighbouring states are Maharashtra, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and Jharkhand. Around 44% of the region of this state is covered by forest, making it the richest biodiversity in India. The Chhattisgarh Map depicts that its northern part lies on the end of the Indo-Gangetic plain. Its central part lies in the basin of Mahanadi, which is an essential river in Chhattisgarh. Furthermore, the southern and northern parts are hilly, and the central part is plain. 

Different Types of Soils in Chhattisgarh 

The Chhattisgarh Map highlights that it is located in the south-earth region of India. It mainly comprises Cuddapah and Archean rocks. Mainly, there are five types of soils found in Chhattisgarh. Types of soil found in the state are as follows. 

Red Sandy Soil

The red sandy soil is one of Chhattisgarh’s second most common soil types. They mainly comprise 30% of the Chhattisgarh state. They are found in Kankerm, Durg, Kanker, and Dantewada. It has low fertility due to the high proportion of sand in the soil.  

Laterite Soil

The Laterite soil is rich in aluminium and iron, which is common in wet and hot tropical areas. Also, they are rich in aluminium and iron. The laterite soil has an acidic reaction and has poor saturation for a poor base. 

Red Loam Soil 

Hence, the loam is a mixture of silt, sand, clay, organic matter, and silt. It is loose and available in sandy and clay loam soil types. They are suitable for different plant varieties as these particles are evenly blended together. They are fertile and rich in nutrients. 

Red-Yellow Soil 

This type of soil turns red due to the ferric oxides. This soil covers up to 55% of Chhattisgarh, which is highly common. They are found in Bilaspur, Mahasamund, Korba, Durg, Raipur, and Jashpurdistricts. Different types of Sorghum, Pulses, Millets, and Rice are cultivated in this soil. 

Black Soil

Furthermore, the black or regur soil is also found in Chhattisgarh . This type of soil is best for growing cotton and has a high capacity for water retention. It is rich in aluminium, potassium, magnesium, iron, and calcium, which makes it highly fertile. 

Climate of Chhattisgarh 

The climate of Chhattisgarh state is mainly tropical. Thus, it has humid and hot weather because it is located near the Tropic of Cancer. During the summer season, the temperature of Chhattisgarh touches 45 degrees centigrade.

After that, the rainy or monsoon season starts from late June till October. Annually, it receives around 1292 mm of rainfall. Also, the winter season starts from the month of November to early February. During this time, the temperature and humidity are low. Thus, the weather is pleasant in Chhattisgarh. 

Rivers in Chhattisgarh 

The rivers in Chhattisgarh have political, economic, social and even religious significance. According to the Chhattisgarh Map, the state has five different river basins. Some important rivers of Chhattisgarh are as follows. 

Mahanadi Basin

It drains a 75858.45 km catchment area of Chhattisgarh. It rises from the Raipur District and flows for 851 km before entering the Bay of Bengal. The tributaries of the Mahanadi basin are Gasdeo, Ong, Ib, Jonk, Seonath, Tel, and Mand. 

Godavari Basin 

The river of Godavari rises from the Sahyadri and drains out the catchment area of 38694.02 square kilometres. 

Narmada Basin

The Narmada Basin has a catchment area of 743.88 square kilometres in Chhattisgarh state. 

Brahmani Basin 

Along with that, the Brahmani Basin also drains out a catchment area of 1394.55 square kilometres. It is situated between the Baitrani and Mahanadi Basin. However, about 3.55% of the basin falls in Chhattisgarh, and the rest in Orissa. 

Ganga Basin 

Subsequently, the Ganga basin drains a catchment area of 18406.65 square kilometres. The tributaries of the Ganga Basin are Rihand, Son, and Kanhar. It extends for up to 108600 square kilometres. 

Important Minerals Found in Chhattisgarh 

Chhattisgarh is highly rich in various minerals. It produces up to 20% of the total cement production in India. It also has the highest coal output in the country. Also, Chhattisgarh stands third in the production of Iron ore. 

• Iron Ore- Bhilai Steel Plant, Dalli-Rajhara are essential iron ore mines of Chhattisgarh. 

• Some other important minerals found in Chhattisgarh are as follows. 

• Limestone- Found in Durg, Bilaspur, Raigarh, Champa, 

• Coal- Found in Surguja, Korba, Raigarh, and Koriya districts. 

• Tin Ore- Found in Katekalyan Area, Katekalyan Area, and Tongpal Area

• Diamond- Found in Manipur Area of Raipur 

• Gold- Found in Mahasamund and Raipur district

Conclusion

In conclusion, Chhattisgarh is situated in the central region of India. It is surrounded by states like Orissa, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, and Andhra Pradesh. Raipur is the capital of Chhattisgarh. Also, there are 5 different river basins that lie in the states which are Brahmani, Mahanadi, Ganga, Godavari, and Narmada. Furthermore, the soils found here are Black Soil, Laterite, Red Soil, Loamy Soil, Black Soil, and others. The southern and northern part of the state is covered with hilly areas, and the central area is plain land.