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Gujarat is a region on the western coast of India with a coastline of about 1,600 kilometres – the longest in the country, most of which is in the Kathiawar region – with a population of 60.4 million. This region on the western coast of India is the fifth-largest state by area and the ninth largest state by population. Its capital is Gandhinagar, while its largest city is Ahmedabad. The Gujarati people of India are indigenous people in the province and their language, Gujarati, is the country’s official language. It is a settlement of the Indus Valley civilization and Harappan areas. About 50 Harappan sites are located in Gujarat.
Post Independence History
After the liberation of the Indians and the partition of the Indians in 1947, the new Indian government united the former Gujarat provinces into three major divisions; Saurashtra, which includes the former prefectures on the Kathiawar Peninsula, Kutch, which includes the former British provinces of the Bombay Presidency and most of Baroda and other former regions of Gujarat. In 1956, the Bombay region was extended to include Kutch, Saurashtra, and parts of the Hyderabad region and Madhya Pradesh in central India. The new state was divided into two parts: the north, which spoke mostly Gujarati, and the south, which spoke Marathi. The Mahagujarat Movement, backed by Indulal Yagnik, advocated for the division of the Bombay state along linguistic lines. Bombay state was divided into Maharashtra and Gujarat on May 1, 1960.
People of Gujarat
The population of this state on the western coast of India can be broadly classified as Indic (north) and Dravidian (south). The north includes Nagar Brahman, Bhatia, Bhadela, Rabari, and Mina castes. Originally from Persia (Iran), Parsis represent the most recent northern influx. Among the indigenous peoples of the south are the Banks, the Koli, the Dubla, the Naikda, and the Macchi-Kharwa. All other people, including the indigenous Bil community, have mixed values. The organised and minority groups members collectively form about one-fifth of the country. Tribes cover Parts of the mountainous region southeast of Gujarat.
Religion and Languages
According to the 2011 Census, the religious composition of Gujarat was 88.6% Hindus, 9.7% Muslims, 1.0% Jains, 0.5% Christians, 0.1% Sikhs, 0.05% Buddhists, and 0.03 others. %. About 0.1% did not mention any religion. Hinduism is the state’s largest religion, with 88.6% of the population being Hindu. Muslims make up the largest minority in the state, accounting for 9.7% of the population. Gujarati is the official language and it is traditionally spoken by 86 percent of the state’s population. Other major languages, according to the 2001 census, are Bili (4.8%), Hindi (4.7%, including Rajasthan-speaking), Sindhi (1.9%, including Kutchi stats), Marathi (1.5%), and Urdu (1.1)%).
Physical Features
On the western coast of India, Gujarat is bound by the Arabian Sea to the west and southwest, Pakistan to the northwest, Rajasthan to the north and northeast, Madhya Pradesh to the east, and Maharashtra to the southeast. The Kathiawar Peninsula, known as Saurashtra, lies to the west and is surrounded by the Arabian Sea on its three sides. Its central part is a high mountain range. The hills of Girnar and Gir are magnificent and have a high peak called Gorakhnath. The country descends slowly toward the coast from the centre. A thin strip of the coastal plain surrounds the peninsula. Kutch Peninsula is located in the northwestern part between the Rann of Kutch in the north and the Gulf Kutch in the south. It is a solitary platform covered with sand, dunes, etc. Rann of Kutch is a low salt mound covered with muddy water, sand, mud, and grass. The salt marshes dry up in winter, and a thin layer of salt remains. The entire eastern part of the Gujarat plateau is a fertile plateau composed of alluvium that flows down the Sabarmati, Mahi, Narmada, and Tapti rivers. The plateau slowly descends with these rivers heading west and southwest. It is the most populous part of the world. Gujarat’s climate has a wide range of conditions. Gujarat’s plains are dry and hot in the summer and chilly and dry in the winter. Summer is milder in hilly areas and along the coast. From June to September, the monsoon season is in effect.
Conclusion
This state on the western coast of India has an amazingly varied topography ranging from the deep green of the dense forests to stark white on the salt plains. Its 1660 kilometres coastline is home to some of the most unique marine species. It encompasses a wide variety of cultures, people, places, and history due to aeons of migratory influences. Along with all the migrations came various ritual practices, cuisines, styles of dresses, fairs, festivals, and celebrations, all of which were amalgamated and became a part of what this amazingly diverse offers a tourist. This was possible as a result of trade, commerce, and the dexterity of the people of Gujarat. It is the ninth largest state by population and fifth largest Indian state by area.
